Improved beamforming using curved sparse 2D arrays in ultrasound

Kirkebo, J.E.; Austeng, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2007.01.001

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This effective element pitch can be calculated by the well-known projection slice method [37]. Additionally, these LGLs can be further be reduced by the curvature in the spherical array, as described by [24]. Therefore, LGLs are of somewhat diminished concern, except for designs with very low element counts [20], [38], [39].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design aspects of focal beams from high-intensity arrays

Stephens¹,

Kruse

Qin

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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As the applications of ultrasonic thermal therapies expand, the design of the high-intensity array must address both the energy delivery of the main beam and the character and relevance of off-target beam energy. We simulate the acoustic field performance of a selected set of circular arrays organized by array format, including flat versus curved arrays, periodic versus random arrays, and center void diameter variations. Performance metrics are based on the −3-dB focal main lobe (FML) positioning range, axial grating lobe (AGL) temperatures, and side lobe levels. Using finite-element analysis, we evaluate the relative heating of the FML and the AGLs. All arrays have a maximum diameter of 100λ, with element count ranging from 64 to 1024 and continuous wave frequency of 1.5 MHz. First, we show that a 50% spherical annulus produces focus beam side lobes which decay as a function of lateral distance at nearly 87% of the exponential rate of a full aperture. Second, for the arrays studied, the efficiency of power delivery over the −3-dB focus positioning range for spherical arrays is at least 2-fold greater than for flat arrays; the 256-element case shows a 5-fold advantage for the spherical array. Third, AGL heating can be significant as the focal target is moved to its distal half-intensity depth from the natural focus. Increasing the element count of a randomized array to 256 elements decreases the AGL-to-FML heating ratio to 0.12 at the distal half-intensity depth. Further increases in element count yield modest improvements. A 49% improvement in the AGL-to-peak heating ratio is predicted by using the Sumanaweera spiral element pattern with randomization.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kirkebo et al . demonstrated the benefit of curving a periodic array and the resulting suppression of lateral grating lobes (LGL) [24]. Ebbini and Cain recognized the seriousness of the axial grating lobes (AGLs) [25]; however, the attention given to these lobes has been limited in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design aspects of focal beams from high-intensity arrays

Stephens¹,

Kruse

Qin

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…Thus, there is a movement of the bright dots towards the direction of the beam that corresponds to the movement of the constraining surfaces of different tissues [49]. These movements are registered by the T.R.C screen or through decoding and demodulation in flat screens or computer screens with imaging algorithms.…”

Section: Time Motion (Tm) O Mode MXXXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ultrasound in medicine part ii: the ultrasonic transducer and its associated electronics

2013

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This paper introduces the reader to a review and analysis of various ultrasound (us) applications in the medical field. First, the transducer is shown, along with a diagram of the basic electronics that it uses to generate and receive signals that allow the reconstruction of images, for medical purposes. Also, us practical uses in medical therapy is shown. This subject is addressed by combining the physical principles involved in the us application, with the implemented technology and the modes of operation for non-invasive studies of pathologies related to brain, heart, and eyes such as injuries, tumors and hematomas. The methodology used in this article also suggests an analysis method for the us scientific and technological research principles combined for their implementation in medical applications.Keywords: ultrasonic transducer, piezoelectric, transmitter, receiver, converter, modes ResumenEn este trabajo se presenta al lector una revisión y análisis de diferentes aplicaciones del ultrasonido (us) en el campo médico. Inicialmente se muestra el transductor y un esquema de su electrónica básica asociada usada para emitir y adquirir las señales que permiten la reconstrucción de las imágenes, para efectos médicos y también la aplicación del us para terapia; la temática se aborda conjugando los principios físicos asociados a la aplicación del us con la tecnología implementada y sus modos de operación, para estudios no invasivos de patologías relacionadas con el cerebro, el corazón, los ojos y lesiones tales como tumores y hematomas. La metodología implementada en este artículo sugiere también un método de análisis de los principios científicos del us e investigación tecnológica asociadas para su concreción en las aplicaciones médicas.

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“…To increase the array aperture, the array design can incorporate a sparse or random array element arrangement and these must be carefully designed to ensure satisfactory performance from the array [7]. For NDE applications, the operating frequency is generally in the 1-5MHz range and hence, if the array design conforms to the standard Ȝ/2 criteria, the array aperture will be small compared to a standard linear array operating at the same frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexagonal Array Structure for 2d Nde Applications

Dziewierz¹,

Ramadas²,

Gachagan³

et al. 2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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An evaluation of different piezoelectric materials for 'SMART' structural monitoring applications: The issue of structural integrity in the host structure and mechanical compatibility of embedded transducers AIP Conf. Proc. 615, 953 (2002);ABSTRACT. This paper describes a combination of simulation and experimentation to evaluate the advantages offered by utilizing a hexagonal shaped array element in a 2D NDE array structure. The active material is a 1-3 connectivity piezoelectric composite structure incorporating triangular shaped pillars -each hexagonal array element comprising six triangular pillars. A combination of PZFlex, COMSOL and Matlab has been used to simulate the behavior of this device microstructure, for operation around 2.25MHz, with unimodal behavior and low levels of mechanical cross-coupling predicted. Furthermore, the application of hexagonal array elements enables the array aperture to increase by approximately 30%, compared to a conventional orthogonal array matrix and hence will provide enhanced volumetric coverage and SNR. Prototype array configurations demonstrate good corroboration of the theoretically predicted mechanical cross-coupling between adjacent array elements (~23dB).

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Improved beamforming using curved sparse 2D arrays in ultrasound

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Design aspects of focal beams from high-intensity arrays

Design aspects of focal beams from high-intensity arrays

Application of ultrasound in medicine part ii: the ultrasonic transducer and its associated electronics

Hexagonal Array Structure for 2d Nde Applications

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