Improved attenuated-total-reflection technique for measuring the electro-optic coefficients of nonlinear optical polymers

Jiang, Yi; Cao, Zhang; Shen, Qing; Dou, Xiaoming; Chen, Yingli; Ozaki, Yukihiro

doi:10.1364/josab.17.000805

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…At the midst of the fall-off of the resonance dip, where good linearity is observed, the alternation of reflected light intensity ΔI is given by Ref. 8:…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator based on the Pockels and Kerr effects

Chen

et al. 2013

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. An electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator based on both Pockels and Kerr effects has been demonstrated. A conjugated polymer, poly (9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene-co-benzo [c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-co-9-hexyl-3,6-carbazole), which has the delocalization of p-electrons and a pushpull structure along the main conjugated chain, exhibits the Pockels effect and still maintains the Kerr effect after corona-poling. By applying a direct current (DC) bias, the optical output of the modulator is roughly linearly to a modulation voltage, and the modulation depth is improved with the DC bias at fixed modulation voltage. The proposed modulator achieves a 2.18% modulation depth with 5 V p-p modulation triangular voltage and 90 V DC bias at 100 kHz by employing both the Pockels effect and Kerr effect.

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“…At the midst of the fall-off of the resonance dip, where good linearity is observed, the alternation of reflected light intensity ΔI is given by Ref. 8:…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator based on the Pockels and Kerr effects

Chen

et al. 2013

Opt. Eng

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“…If we define 33 as the EO coefficient of the polymer and E is the applied electric field across the EO polymer film. The refractive index change of guiding layer Δn1 is written as [19]:…”

Section: Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Devices Based on Symmetrical Metal Cladding Waveguides

Chen¹

2012

Optical Devices in Communication and Computation

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“…. Experimentally, the acentric order parameter can be defined using techniques such as attenuated total reflection (ATR) [83][84][85], two-slit interferometry (TSI) [86,87], Fabry-Perot interferometry (FPI) [88], or a Mach Zehnder interferometric technique (MZI) [89], which permit measurement of both of the two non-zero electro-optic tensor elements, r 33 and r 13 , for poled OEO materials. The acentric order parameter can be extracted either from the ratio of r 33 /r 13 or from r 33 alone if the elements of the molecular first hyperpolarizability tensor (e.g., β zzz ) are correctly estimated from a combination of quantum mechanical calculations and hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements [53,90,91] and/or electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) measurements [16].…”

Section: Materials Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory-Guided Design of Organic Electro-Optic Materials and Devices

Dalton

Benight

2011

Polymers

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Integrated (multi-scale) quantum and statistical mechanical theoretical methods have guided the nano-engineering of controlled intermolecular electrostatic interactions for the dramatic improvement of acentric order and thus electro-optic activity of melt-processable organic polymer and dendrimer electro-optic materials. New measurement techniques have permitted quantitative determination of the molecular order parameters, lattice dimensionality, and nanoscale viscoelasticity properties of these new soft matter materials and have facilitated comparison of theoretically-predicted structures and thermodynamic properties with experimentally-defined structures and properties. New processing protocols have permitted further enhancement of material properties and have facilitated the fabrication of complex device structures. The integration of organic electro-optic materials into silicon photonic, plasmonic, and metamaterial device architectures has led to impressive new performance metrics for a variety of technological applications.

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Improved attenuated-total-reflection technique for measuring the electro-optic coefficients of nonlinear optical polymers

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator based on the Pockels and Kerr effects

Electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator based on the Pockels and Kerr effects

Optical Devices Based on Symmetrical Metal Cladding Waveguides

Theory-Guided Design of Organic Electro-Optic Materials and Devices

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