Improved arterial oxygenation with feed restriction in rapidly growing broiler chickens

Reeves, John Τ.; Ballam, G. O.; Hofmeister, S. E.; Pickett, Cheryl A.; Morris, Kenneth G.; Peacock, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(91)90037-d

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On the contrary, different experiments at sea level showed that hypercapnia is an evident feature in ascites susceptible broiler populations (Buys et al 1999;Olkowski et al 1999;Scheele et al 2003a). These experiments confirmed results from Reeves et al (1991) who discovered hypoventilation as an important feature in ascites susceptible chickens at sea level. Balog (2003) noticed that in the past, a lot of the blame for our current ascites situation has been placed on genetic selection for increased production performances (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Birds with those increased arterial CO 2 values are apparently predisposed to ascites. Reeves et al (1991) first recognized that at sea level other factors might be responsible for the ascites syndrome in chickens than were known at high altitudes. They found in ascites sensitive chickens that restriction of feed was associated with a marked improvement in variables relating to ventilation such as tidal volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ascites and venous carbon dioxide tensions in juvenile chickens of highly selected genotypes and native strains

Scheele

Klis

Kwakernaak

et al. 2005

World's Poultry Science Journal

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A previous study by this group demonstrated that a high carbon dioxide tension in venous blood (pvCO 2 ) of juvenile broiler chickens is a reliable predictor for ascites susceptibility. In a new experiment with five highly selected genetic stocks and two ascites resistant old breeds we studied levels and variability of pvCO 2 within each stock at an early age. Effects of different selection traits (principally growth rate) between fast growing sire lines and slower growing dam lines and a commercial hybrid on blood gas (pCO 2 , pO 2 ) tensions, pH and haematocrit in venous and arterial blood were examined at different ages and compared to values found in ascites resistant breeds. All birds were housed in floor pens in a climate controlled room and subjected to an ascites-predisposing cold environment. From each stock, 16 birds with the highest (high risk: HRc) and 16 birds with the lowest (low risk: LRc) pvCO 2 values were selected at 12 days of age. These birds were marked for future blood sampling to determine changes in haematological characteristics with age and to relate these values to ascites susceptibility. At day 14, eight non-selected birds from each stock were randomly chosen for dissection to determine initial pulmonary arterial pressure index (API) values. Subsequently, all birds were allotted to 8 floor pens (13 birds per pen including two HRc and two LRc birds) per stock. Production performances from 104 birds per stock were measured from 16 to 33 days of age (feed intake (FI); feed conversion ratio (FCR); body weight (BW) at day 33). Mortality was recorded during the complete experimental period. At 5 wk of age, all HRc and LRc birds were necropsied and API values were recorded, which was used to classify the severity of the ascites syndrome. A convincing effect of pvCO 2 values in juvenile chickens on API at 5 wk of age in modern lines confirmed results obtained in the previous study. At an early age, pvO 2 values were much less predictive for high pulmonary pressure induced ascites at wk 5 than pvCO 2 values. Hypercapnia combined with low blood pH values and followed by hypoxemia (inducing high haematocrit values) provoked a marked high incidence of ascites and high API values in modern breeds. Ascites and venous carbon dioxide tensions: C.W. Scheele et al.A total absence of ascitic symptoms within native breeds corresponded with unchanged low API values during ageing from 12 to 33 days of age and with lower pCO 2 values in venous and arterial blood compared to modern breeds at all ages. The pvCO 2 difference (mean values) between HRc and LRc groups were similar for all modern lines irrespective of age and showed no relationship to growth rate. API, as a reliable indicator for ascites susceptibility, of modern breed chickens correlated with pvCO 2 values, but not with growth rate. The high correlation between pvCO 2 in juvenile chickens and API values at 5 wk of age indicated that a strong genetic selection pressure on low pvCO 2 values at an early age will be an effective method to reduce dec...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascites and venous carbon dioxide tensions in juvenile chickens of highly selected genotypes and native strains

Scheele

Klis

Kwakernaak

et al. 2005

World's Poultry Science Journal

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show abstract

“…Such an indicator is essential for indirect phenotypic selection against ascites susceptibility, therefore, all birds should be healthy. Reeves et al (1991) noticed that ascites-susceptible chickens suffer from relative hypoventilation at an early age, which may cause an elevated partial pressure of CO 2 in blood. Later studies by Scheele (1996), Buys et al (1999), Olkowski et al (1999), Scheele et al (2003Scheele et al ( , 2005, Hassanzadeh et al (2010), Al-Mesri and Hassanzadeh, (2010) and Van As.…”

Section: A Interaction Between Endogenous and Exogenous Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Aspect of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Interactions

et al. 2014

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Increasing susceptibility of broiler chickens to ascites syndrome has coincided with a continuing genetic and nutritional improvement in their feed efficiency and growth rate. Imbalance between oxygen supply and the oxygen required to sustain rapid growth rates and high food efficiencies is believed to be the primary cause of ascites. This imbalance is caused by exogenous and/or endogenous factors.Selection in fast growth broilers, have also resulted in the development of birds with changed anatomical, physiological, metabolic and hematological parameters including thyroid hormone activity, partial pressure of O 2 and carbon dioxide in venous blood, cardiac β-adrenergic receptors and hematocrit levels that coincide with susceptibility to ascites in broiler chickens. Observations to date have indicated that the structural or endocrine changes are often linked with ascites susceptibility and may be influenced during the early stages of development, embryogenesis and incubation. In this review, particular attention is paid to the interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors as predisposing factors for development of ascites syndrome. Additionally, preventive management procedures like different lighting schedules, feed restriction protocols and supplementation of feed with antioxidants which reduce the incidence of ascites in broiler chickens are highlighted.

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“…This leads to: a. lower efficiency of O2 transfer through the respiratory membrane; and b. lower hemoglobin oxygenation capability [62]. Research focusing on hemoglobin O2 saturationin meat-type chickens indicated that fast-growing broilers have lower saturation than slow-growing broilers [30,87]. These results suggested that some meat-type chickens were not fully oxygenating their hemoglobin, even at low altitude.…”

Section: Ascites Physiology and Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens - A Physiological Syndrome Affected by Red Blood Cell

Druyan¹

2012

Blood Cell - An Overview of Studies in Hematology

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Improved arterial oxygenation with feed restriction in rapidly growing broiler chickens

Cited by 57 publications

References 9 publications

Ascites and venous carbon dioxide tensions in juvenile chickens of highly selected genotypes and native strains

Ascites and venous carbon dioxide tensions in juvenile chickens of highly selected genotypes and native strains

Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Aspect of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Interactions

Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens - A Physiological Syndrome Affected by Red Blood Cell

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