Humic acid (HA) has been widely used in agricultural
production
processes because it improves soil nutrients and has a growth-promoting
effect on plants. Understanding the relationship between the structure
and function of HA is the key to efficient utilization of HA in the
field of activating soil legacy phosphorus (P) and promoting crop
growth. In this work, HA was prepared using lignite as raw materials
by the ball milling method. Moreover, a series of HAs with different
molecular weights (<10, 10–50, and >50 kDa) were prepared
through ultrafiltration membranes. The chemical composition and physical
structure characteristics of the prepared HA were tested. The effects
of HA with different molecular weights on activating accumulated P
in calcareous soil and root promotion of Lactuca sativa were investigated. Results showed that HAs with different molecular
weights have different functional group structures, molecular compositions,
and micromorphologies, and the molecular weight of HA can significantly
affect the activation performance on soil accumulated P. Moreover,
the HA with low molecular weight more easily enhanced the seed germination
and growth of Lactuca sativa than that of raw HA.
It is expected that more efficient HA can be prepared in the future
for the activation of accumulated P and promoting crop growth.