Improved access to biological control genetic resources: navigating through the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol

Silvestri, Luciana; Mason, Peter G.

doi:10.1007/s10526-023-10183-9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is evidence that non-strategic national ABS regulations have threatened or even impeded access to genetic resources for non-commercial research [ 12 , 78 , 79 ]. In Argentina and Brazil, for example, newly implemented national ABS regulations prevented domestic research organisations from studying local biodiversity, even if such research did not involve international partners or the export of local genetic resources [ 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Unclear national ABS legislations and a high level of bureaucratisation with concomitant high transaction costs and compliance risks are also a disincentive for commercial exploration of biodiversity [ 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Implications Of the Complexity Of Abs Regulations For Germpl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DSI policies should acknowledge the importance of using DSI across low-, middle- and high-income countries and strive to preserve open access to this crucial common good [ 14 ]. Non-monetary benefits that help bridge the scientific and technological gaps in developing countries should also be considered, as these stimulate international public–private partnerships and collaborations [ 81 ]. Such non-monetary benefits should include capacity building and technology transfer.…”

Section: Recommendations and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Review of the Increasing Complexity of Access and Benefit-Sharing Policies of Genetic Resources for Genebank Curators and Plant Breeders–A Public and Private Sector Perspective

Ebert,

Engels,

Schafleitner

et al. 2023

Plants

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Plant breeders develop competitive, high-yielding, resistant crop varieties that can cope with the challenges of biotic stresses and tolerate abiotic stresses, resulting in nutritious food for consumers worldwide. To achieve this, plant breeders need continuous and easy access to plant genetic resources (PGR) for trait screening, to generate new diversity that can be built into newly improved varieties. International agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) and the Nagoya Protocol recognised the sovereign rights of countries over their genetic resources. Under the CBD/Nagoya Protocol, countries are free to establish specific national legislations regulating germplasm access and benefit-sharing to be negotiated bilaterally. Consequently, access to PGR became increasingly restricted and cumbersome, resulting in a decrease in germplasm exchange. The ITPGRFA attempted to ease this situation by establishing a globally harmonised multilateral system (MLS). Unfortunately, the MLS is (still) restricted to a limited number of food and forage crops, with very few vegetable crops. Easy and continuous access to genetic diversity combined with equitable and fair sharing of derived benefits is a prerequisite to breeding new varieties. Facilitated access contributes to sustainable crop production and food and nutrition security; therefore, access to and, consequently, use of PGRFA needs to be improved. Thus, the authors recommend, among others, expanding the scope of the ITPGRFA to include all PGRFA and making them and all related information accessible under a Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) combined, if necessary, with a subscription system or a seed sales tax. Such a transparent, functional and efficient system would erase legal uncertainties and minimise transaction costs for conservers, curators and users of genetic resources, thus aiding plant breeders to fulfil their mission.

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Section: Implications Of the Complexity Of Abs Regulations For Germpl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendations and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of the Increasing Complexity of Access and Benefit-Sharing Policies of Genetic Resources for Genebank Curators and Plant Breeders–A Public and Private Sector Perspective

Ebert,

Engels,

Schafleitner

et al. 2023

Plants

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Best practices in the use and exchange of microorganism biological control genetic resources

et al. 2023

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The Nagoya Protocol actions the third objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity and provides a framework to effectively implement the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources. This includes microorganisms used as biological control agents. Thus biological control practitioners must comply with access and benefit-sharing regulations that are implemented by countries providing microbial biological control agents. A review of best practices and guidance for the use and exchange of microorganisms used for biological control has been prepared by the IOBC Global Commission on Biological Control and Access and Benefit-Sharing to demonstrate commitment to comply with access and benefit-sharing requirements, and to reassure the international community that biological control is a very successful and environmentally safe pest management strategy that uses biological resources responsibly and sustainably. We propose that best practices include the following elements: collaboration to facilitate information exchange about the availability of microbial biological control agents and where they may be sourced; freely sharing available knowledge in databases about successes and failures; collaborative research with provider countries to develop capacity; and production technology transfer to provide economic opportunities. We recommend the use of model concept agreements for accessing microorganisms for scientific research and non-commercial release into nature where access and benefit-sharing regulations exist and where regulations are not restrictive or do not exist. We also recommend a model agreement for deposition of microbial biological control agents into culture collections.

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Amazonian avian biogeography: Broadscale patterns, microevolutionary processes, and habitat-specific models revealed by multidisciplinary approaches

Capurucho,

Musher,

Lees

et al. 2023

Ornithology

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Our understanding of Amazonian biogeography is quickly increasing, catalyzed by the growing use of genomic datasets, improved knowledge of species distributions, and the accumulation of new data on the geological and climatic history of the region. The high number of species in Amazonia and their intricate patterns of geographic distribution triggered the development of many diversification hypotheses that shaped historical biogeography as a discipline. Here, we present a historical overview of avian biogeographic studies in Amazonia, their recent advances, outstanding questions, and future directions. We focus on how new approaches have led to novel understandings of the distribution patterns and diversification processes that underpin avian diversity. We show how genomic tools are being used to establish new hypotheses about the drivers of diversification and highlight the importance of recent studies of birds in previously overlooked environments, such as floodplains and open vegetation enclaves. We emphasize the importance of gene flow, species traits, and habitat affinities in studying diversification processes to fully acknowledge the complexity of Amazonian ecosystems and their history. We then discuss the current gaps in Amazonian taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge, with a focus on the issues that we believe hinder our understanding of the field. Amazonia has been facing increasing levels of forest loss due to agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, mining, climate change, and illegal activities catalyzed by weak governance. To halt biodiversity loss, it is crucial to increase our knowledge of the natural history and biogeography of Amazonian species. We suggest increasing incentives for research and training at institutions based in the region, as well as the establishment of partnerships with governments, local communities, NGOs, and international institutions to bring diverse communities together to address crucial questions.

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Improved access to biological control genetic resources: navigating through the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Critical Review of the Increasing Complexity of Access and Benefit-Sharing Policies of Genetic Resources for Genebank Curators and Plant Breeders–A Public and Private Sector Perspective

Critical Review of the Increasing Complexity of Access and Benefit-Sharing Policies of Genetic Resources for Genebank Curators and Plant Breeders–A Public and Private Sector Perspective

Best practices in the use and exchange of microorganism biological control genetic resources

Amazonian avian biogeography: Broadscale patterns, microevolutionary processes, and habitat-specific models revealed by multidisciplinary approaches

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