Improved 10 V SINIS Series Arrays for Applications in AC Voltage Metrology

Single-Chip 10-V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard System Based on a Refrigerator and Its Precision Evaluation

“…The use of the CCR has the potential to increase the popularity of PJVS systems not only as primary standards but also as secondary standards or for quality control at construction sites. To date, the operation of a 10-V PJVS based on liquid-helium cooling has been demonstrated [3], [6], [12]; however, a PJVS based on the CCR is more preferable. Unlike liquid-helium cooling, difficulty with the thermal link between the chip and the coldhead of the refrigerator is a bottleneck.…”

Josephson Junctions for Present and Next Generation Voltage Metrology

“…They are typically made of Nb/Al/AlOx/Al/AlOx/Al/Nb and have been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally [29][30][31][32][33][34]. The best results on these junctions for superconductive electronics applications and especially for programmable voltage standard have been obtained by the PTB group, who realized complete successful circuits for programmable potentiometer at 1 and 10 V level with 7000 and 70.000 junctions respectively.…”

Development of Josephson voltage standards

“…The 1 V arrays contain 8,192 junctions. The first 10 V arrays consisting of 69,120 junctions were also developed shortly afterwards (Schulze et al, 2000) and later significantly improved (Mueller et al, 2007). In spite of their successful use, a serious drawback of SINIS junctions is their sensitivity to particular steps during fabrication often resulting in a few shorted junctions of a SINIS series array (typically between 0 and 10 of 10,000 junctions) probably due to the very thin insulating oxide barriers (cf.…”