Imprinting of Repeated Influenza A/H3 Exposures on Antibody Quantity and Antibody Quality: Implications for Seasonal Vaccine Strain Selection and Vaccine Performance

Košíková, Martina; Li, Lei; Radvák, Peter; Ye, Zhiping; Wan, Xiu‐Feng; Xie, Hang

doi:10.1093/cid/ciy327

Cited by 54 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, ferrets that were vaccinated with a split-virion influenza vaccine following influenza A (H1N1) A/USSR/90/1977 infection earlier in their life showed less illness after infection with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 A/California/07/2009 as compared with vaccinated ferrets who were not previously infected with influenza A (H1N1) A/USSR/90/1977 [25]. Moreover, it was recently shown that recurring exposures to influenza A (H3) in humans was associated with higher antibody titers, enhanced antibody affinity, as well as enhanced antibody avidity following influenza vaccination, as compared with individuals not previously exposed [26]. Additional research may be required to further explain the differences in VE point estimates between the younger and older age groups found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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Background: Influenza A (H3N2) clade 3C.3a was the predominant influenza virus in Israel throughout the 2018-2019 season, constituting a drift from the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine. We estimated the end-of season vaccine effectiveness (VE) by age, among community patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), considering the hemagglutinin (HA) gene mutations and amino acid substitutions of influenza A (H3N2) viruses detected. Methods: Nose-throat samples were analyzed for the presence of influenza virus, type/subtype, and HA gene sequence. HA gene sequences and amino acid substitutions were compared to the influenza A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like 2018-2019 vaccine virus, and a phylogenetic tree was generated. Influenza VE against influenza A (H3N2) was estimated using the test-negative design. VE was estimated by age group and by 15 year moving age intervals. Results: In total, 90% of the influenza A (H3N2) viruses belonged to the 3C.3a clade, constituting a unique situation in the northern hemisphere. Adjusted all-age influenza A (H3N2) VE was −3.5% (95% CI: −51.2 to 29.1). Although adjusted VEs were very low among infants, children, and young adults, a VE of 45% (95% CI: −19.2 to 74.6) was estimated among adults aged ≥45 years old. Conclusions: The higher VE point estimates among older adults may be related to previous exposure to similar influenza viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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“…This increase in breadth was also observed after sequential infections with ELISA titers to total antibody binding [78]. This back-boosting is what contributed to the difference in the naïve vs. pre-immune antigenic maps of different A(H3N2) viruses [79]. The exact mechanism of back-boosting is not completely elucidated [113].…”

Section: Pre-immunity On the Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 92%

“…This illustrated the importance of using a pre-immune model for antigenic characterization and vaccine testing. In fact, when A(H3N2) antigenic maps were produced using sera from naïve or pre-immune ferrets the maps poorly correlated; the classification of whether two viruses were antigenically distinct or similar varied with the model (naïve or pre-immune) [79]. The broader antibody response characterized with A(H1N1) or A(H3N2) sequential infections was extremely informative at the hetero-subtype level [78].…”

Section: Contemporary A(h1n1)/a(h3n2) Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Imprinting in the Influenza Ferret Model

Skarlupka

Ross

2020

Vaccines

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The initial exposure to influenza virus usually occurs during childhood. This imprinting has long-lasting effects on the immune responses to subsequent infections and vaccinations. Animal models that are used to investigate influenza pathogenesis and vaccination do recapitulate the pre-immune history in the human population. The establishment of influenza pre-immune ferret models is necessary for understanding infection and transmission and for designing efficacious vaccines.

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“…The key to our study design was the elongated recovery period. Previous studies investigating the immune re-encounter with influenza viral antigens or live virus infection are frequently designed with short recoveries of 14 to 28 days separating primary and secondary challenges [34][35][36]. These time frames do not properly account for the actual immunological recovery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical H1N1 Influenza Virus Imprinting Increases Vaccination Efficacy by Influencing Antibody Longevity and Neutralization Activity in Ferrets

Francis¹,

McNeil²,

Dawe³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Influenza virus imprinting is now understood to significantly the influence immune responses and clinical outcome of influenza virus infections that occur later in life. Due to the yearly cycling of influenza viruses, humans are imprinted with the circulating virus of their birth year to subsequently build a complex influenza virus immune history but very little is known about how the imprinting strain influences vaccine responses. To investigate the imprinted host immune responses to split-virion vaccination, we imprinted ferrets with a sublethal dose of the historical seasonal H1N1 strain A/USSR/90/1977. After a +60 day recovery period was given to build immune memory, ferrets were immunized and the challenge at Day 123. Samples were collected throughout the time course and immunological assays were performed to investigate recall mechanisms. The preimmune-vaccinated ferrets did not experience significant disease during challenge while naïve-vaccinated ferrets had severe disease. Hemagglutination inhibition assays showed preimmune ferrets had a more robust antibody response post vaccination, increased virus neutralization activity. Virus specific immunoglobulins were of predominantly the IgG isotype suggesting B cell maturity and plasticity at vaccination. These results are important and should be considered for vaccine design.

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Imprinting of Repeated Influenza A/H3 Exposures on Antibody Quantity and Antibody Quality: Implications for Seasonal Vaccine Strain Selection and Vaccine Performance

Cited by 54 publications

References 37 publications

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

Immune Imprinting in the Influenza Ferret Model

Historical H1N1 Influenza Virus Imprinting Increases Vaccination Efficacy by Influencing Antibody Longevity and Neutralization Activity in Ferrets

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