Imprinted Polymers

Whitcombe, Michael J.; Vulfson, E. N.

doi:10.1002/1521-4095(200104)13:7<467::aid-adma467>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 203 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…4,5 MIPs are generally highly crosslinked thermosets, and therefore porosity is a necessary feature of their morphology to allow permeability and transport of templates molecules to the bulk polymer phase.…”

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“…[1][2][3] Formation of a self-assembled pre-polymerization complex between a template molecule and functional monomers, followed by polymerization with a cross-linker in a porogenic solvent and the subsequent extraction of the template, produces a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) possessing specifically sized and shaped cavities capable of molecular recognition. 4,5 MIPs are generally highly crosslinked thermosets, and therefore porosity is a necessary feature of their morphology to allow permeability and transport of templates molecules to the bulk polymer phase.…”

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Influence of Polymer Morphology on the Capacity of Molecularly Imprinted Resins to Release or to Retain their Template

et al. 2009

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This paper deals with the specific ability of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to release and/or to retain their template. MIPs for caffeine with various MIP:porogen volume ratios were prepared by a non-covalent route. Formation of a prepolymerization complex between the template and the functional monomer was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and computer simulation. The MIP monoliths were successively grinded, sieved, and dried under vacuum. The morphology of the imprinted particles was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, swelling experiments and nitrogen adsorption. Typical release patterns of as-synthesised MIP particles in solvents can be decomposed in three fractions: initial release ( 0 ), slow release over several hours (Á Release ), permanent retention/encapsulation within the MIP (Á Reservoir ). The effect of MIP:porogen volume ratio (related to the MIP porosity) on the releasing/retaining profiles of the materials has been investigated. Finally, the results were critically compared with the available literature and the applicability of MIP reservoirs is briefly discussed.KEY WORDS: Molecular Imprinting / Polymer Morphology / Controlled Release / Polymer Reservoir / Self-Assembly / Molecular imprinting is an emerging technology, which allows the molecular design of polymeric materials containing highly specific receptor sites with an affinity for target compounds.1-3 Formation of a self-assembled pre-polymerization complex between a template molecule and functional monomers, followed by polymerization with a cross-linker in a porogenic solvent and the subsequent extraction of the template, produces a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) possessing specifically sized and shaped cavities capable of molecular recognition. 4,5 MIPs are generally highly crosslinked thermosets, and therefore porosity is a necessary feature of their morphology to allow permeability and transport of templates molecules to the bulk polymer phase.To date, a number of promising applications have been proposed for MIPs. For instance, imprinted polymers are used in chromatography as the stationary phase for separation and isolation of racemates.6,7 A related area is solid-phase extraction, where imprinted polymers are employed as a selective sorbent to concentrate the molecule of interest.8 MIPs are also used in immunoassays-type analyses as synthetic antibody 9 and in catalysis as enzyme mimics. 10,11 In the emerging field of biosensors, MIPs demonstrate a potential as the recognition element, although their performance and selectivity in aqueous systems is still a limiting factor. 12,13The application of desorption properties of MIPs is a relatively new area.14,15 Chromatographic data have shown that the MIP-template dissociation kinetics can be controlled by varying the local environment (MIP composition, solvent. . .). Therefore, it seems feasible that MIPs could form highly specific rate limiting reservoirs releasing active compounds at well-defined rates. Early studies delivered promising results and showe...

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Influence of Polymer Morphology on the Capacity of Molecularly Imprinted Resins to Release or to Retain their Template

et al. 2009

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“…A formação de polímeros porosos altamente reticulados não é uma ciência inteiramente preditiva e os materiais resultantes são difíceis de caracterizar completamente, mesmo por ressonância magnética nuclear no estado sólido (RMN) e espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) [11] , ou por técnicas de análise térmica como calorimetria diferencial de varredura [12] .…”

Section: Peçanha B R B Et Al -Polímeros De Impressão Molecular Ounclassified

Polímeros de Impressão Molecular Obtidos Através de Polimerização por Precipitação e sua Aplicação na Técnica de Extração em Fase Sólida

Peçanha¹,

Dias²,

Spinelli³

et al. 2013

Polímeros

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Resumo: Polímeros de impressão molecular (Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, MIPs) foram sintetizados e aplicados como adsorventes na técnica de extração em fase sólida (EFS). O método de polimerização por precipitação foi usado para sintetizar os polímeros, devido à simplicidade de preparo, altos rendimentos e obtenção de partículas mais uniformes uma vez que o polímero não é triturado. Os MIPs foram sintetizados com ácido metacrílico como monômero funcional, trimetacrilato de trimetilolpropano como agente de reticulação e cloridrato de amilorida como molécula molde. O solvente de elevada polaridade empregado na síntese (THF:MeOH:H2O) possibilita empregar a técnica para moléculas polares como o cloridrato de amilorida. O controle no volume de solvente permitiu obter partículas maiores, de modo que a EFS foi realizada nas condições usuais, o que confere um potencial para aplicação dessa técnica de polimerização na preparação de adsorventes para EFS. Palavras-chave: Polímeros de impressão molecular (MIP), extração em fase sólida (EFS), polimerização por precipitação, cloridrato de amilorida. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Prepared by Precipitation Polymerization and their Application to Solid Phase ExtractionAbstract: Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and applied as adsorbents in the solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique. The polymers were synthesized by precipitation polymerization because of its simplicity, high yields and good control of final particle size. MIPs were synthesized using methacrylic acid as functional monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as crosslinker and amiloride hydrochloride as template. The polar solvent mixture used (THF:MeOH:H 2 O) permitted polar molecules such as amiloride hydrochloride to be used. The solvent volume control allowed bigger particles to be formed, so that the solid-phase extraction technique could be employed under usual conditions, and therefore this polymerization technique is promising for preparing adsorbents for SPE.

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“…[5] Molecular imprinting thus offers an extremely straightforward way to achieve high functionality by a very reasonable synthetic effort. [6] Of course, this technique is not limited only to molecules but can be extended to much larger species. One of the first attempts, leading both to imprinted microbeads and polymer surfaces, involved work with bacteria by Alexander and Vulfson; [7] later this procedure was extended to species such as yeasts and other microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%