Impostors and pseudo-instancing for GPU crowd rendering

Millán, Erik; Rudomín, Isaac

doi:10.1145/1174429.1174436

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Millan e Rudomin [9] utilizam a técnica de Instancing para aumentar a eficiência da renderização do sistema. Instancingé uma ferramenta disponível em placas gráficas modernas que aperfeiçoa a renderização de objetos repetidos diversas vezes na cena.…”

Section: Trabalhos Relacionadosunclassified

A Dynamic Representation-Switch Method for Hybrid Crowd Rendering Systems

Silva¹,

Cavalcante-Neto²,

Vidal³

et al. 2013

2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality

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Environments populated with crowds are employed in various applications, such as games, simulators and editors. Many of these environments require not only a realistic and detailed rendering, but it must run smoothly in real-time. This task easily exhausts the system's resources, even considering the current state-of-the-art hardware. Therefore, crowd rendering in real-time remains a challenge in computer graphics. Approaches exploiting levels of detail, visibility culling and image-based rendering are presented in the literature to facilitate this task. The first two increase the efficiency of rendering, but sometimes are not enough to keep an interactive frame rate. Some researches on this subject focus on image-based rendering techniques, specifically with the use of impostors. In this work it is proposed a method that balances the computational demand of rendering job by varying the threshold's distance of the representation switch between full geometry (mesh) and image-based (impostors) models in accordance with the available resources. Keywords-crowd simulation; level of detail; image-based rendering; I. INTRODUÇÃORenderizar uma larga quantidade de humanos virtuais animados de alta qualidade pode tornar-se um gargalo para simulações em tempo real, considerando-se sua geometria completa com animação. Uma das maneiras de se tentar minimizar esse problemaé o uso de técnicas de renderização baseada em imagem, como por exemplo o uso de impostores. A técnica de impostores (e suas variantes) aumenta a eficiência da renderização a partir da redução da complexidade dos objetos a serem desenhados.No emprego de impostores, a velocidade de renderização torna-se proporcionalà distância em que os mesmos são aplicados ao observador. Ao afastá-los, ganha-se qualidade visual, visto que eventuais efeitos indesejáveis causados pela técnica são evitados. Em contrapartida, ao aproximá-los, obtém-se velocidade de renderização, com a redução drástica da demanda computacional requerida.Em cenas de multidões, há também o problema da mudança contínua na densidade de elementos visíveis, dificultando o balanceamento da renderização para manutenção das taxas de quadros por segundo interativas. Ao deixar margem para o sistema superar gargalos dessa ordem, perdese qualidade gráfica, dado o não aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis de forma integral. Por outro lado, mantendose a demanda computacional no limite, corre-se o risco de o sistema enfrentar gargalos e, consequentemente, sofrer reduções bruscas na taxa de quadros por segundo.Outro problema a ser superado, não somente em sistemas de simulação de multidões, mas em qualquer aplicação que faça uso de um motor gráfico robusto,é seu desenvolvimento voltado a hardware não específico. Diferentes dispositivos de uma mesma plataforma tendem a ter consideráveis diferenças de poder computacional. O problema aumenta quando são considerados dispositivos de plataformas diferentes, dada a atual tendência de serem usados softwares comunsàs mesmas.É desejável que a renderização em tempo real sej...

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Section: Trabalhos Relacionadosunclassified

A Dynamic Representation-Switch Method for Hybrid Crowd Rendering Systems

Silva¹,

Cavalcante-Neto²,

Vidal³

et al. 2013

2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Instancing technique is to render multiple instances of the same character with a single drawing call. In OpenGL graphics pipeline, pseudo-instancing has been widely, for example, in [11,12,18], where the crowd rendering is optimized by sharing vertex data, primitive counts and types, among all instances. It minimizes the amount of duplicated data.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time System for Crowd Rendering: Parallel LOD and Texture-Preserving Approach on GPU

et al. 2011

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Abstract. In modern games, rendering a massive scene with a large number of animated character is imminent and a very challenging task. In this paper, we present a real-time crowd rendering system on GPUs with a special focus on how to preserve texture appearance in progressive LOD-based mesh simplification algorithms. Our results show that the proposed parallel LOD approach can get up to 5.33 times of speedup compared with the standard pseudo-instancing approach.

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“…In this way, soccer videogames can benefit from the parallel computing power of the GPUs, however extra effort is needed to handle the additional rendering cost. To achieve this, various rendering techniques can be used to populate tribunes with large numbers of spectators [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Visualization Of Spectatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realistic modeling of spectator behavior for soccer videogames with CUDA

Yilmaz

Molla

Yıldız

et al. 2011

Computers & Graphics

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a b s t r a c tSoccer has always been one of the most popular videogame genres. When designing a soccer game, designers tend to focus on the game field and game play due to the limited computational resources, and thus the modelling of virtual spectators is paid less attention. In this study we present a novel approach to the modeling of spectator behavior, which treats each spectator as a unique individual. We also propose an independent software layer for sport-based games that simply obtains the game status from the game engine via a simple messaging protocol and computes the spectator behavior accordingly. The result is returned to the game engine, to be used in the animation and rendering of the spectators. Additionally, we offer a customizable spectator knowledge base with well structured XML to minimize coding efforts, while generating individualized behavior. The employed AI is based on fuzzy inference. In order to overcome additional demand for computing realistic spectator behavior, we use GPU parallel computing with CUDA.

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Impostors and pseudo-instancing for GPU crowd rendering

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

A Dynamic Representation-Switch Method for Hybrid Crowd Rendering Systems

A Dynamic Representation-Switch Method for Hybrid Crowd Rendering Systems

A Real-Time System for Crowd Rendering: Parallel LOD and Texture-Preserving Approach on GPU

Realistic modeling of spectator behavior for soccer videogames with CUDA

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