Imposex in Sublittoral and Littoral Gastropods from the Gulf of Thailand and Strait of Malacca in Relation to Shipping

Swennen, C.; Ruttanadakul, Nukul; Ardseungnern, S.; Singh, Harbindar Jeet Singh Gurcharan; Mensink, B.P.; Hallers-Tjabbes, C.C. ten

doi:10.1080/09593331808616646

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Since the dissolution can be controlled at a molecular level, it is possible to obtain a well-known self-polishing effect in that paint. As a result, these paints supplied an effectiveness of up to 7 years, releasing about 4 μg/cm 2 /day of TBT in the seawater (Swennen et al 1997). Due to its efficiency, in 1999 approximately 70% of all commercial shipping was protected by TBTbased paints, achieving direct savings of close to US$ 2,400 million a year in fuel and other costs (Almeida et al 2007;Clark et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas

Castro

Perina

Fillmann

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Organotin compounds (OTs) were used in antifouling paints for more than four decades. However, due to their widespread intensive use and high toxicity, undesirable effects in non-target marine organisms have been detected since the early 1980s. Consequently, the International Maritime Organization banned new maritime applications of these products on January 1, 2003 and their presence on ship hulls from January 1, 2008. Although extensively studied in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia, environmental levels and effects of organotin contamination are still poorly known for South America. Thus, the current review aimed to present the actual status of this problem in South America by summarizing and comparing the available data in the literature. An overview of the OTs concentrations in sediment and biota and their effects, mainly imposex in marine gastropods, are presented. This work showed that in Atlantic coastal areas of South America there are "hot spots" of OTs contamination, similar to that observed in industrialized countries of Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand, the number of accomplished studies in the Pacific coast is extremely low. Despite the limitation on studies about OTs environmental levels and their related effects, the available data pointed out for a widespread TBT contamination along the South American coastal areas. Therefore, the establishment of baselines of organotin contamination in the Pacific coast and the implementation of temporal trend studies in the South American coastal areas is crucial to verify the effectiveness of local regulations and OTs global ban, and to map the most sensitive areas related to present and future antifouling impacts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas

Castro

Perina

Fillmann

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…In South America, imposex occurrence is reported in Chile (Chorus giganteus, Xanthochorus cassidiformis, Nucella crassilabrum - Gooding et al, 1999) and Brazil (Castro et al, 2000;Fernandez et al, 1998;Magalhães et al, 1997). Information on concentration in waters (Hashimoto et al, 1998; Malaca straits), sediments (Kan-Atireklap et al, 1997a -Thailand;Ko et al, 1995 -Hong Kong;Stewart & de Mora, 1992 -Fiji Island;King et al, 1989 -New Zealand) and organisms (bivalves, Perna viridis -Kan-Atireklap et al, 1997b; Mytidus edulis and Aequipecten irradians - Guolan & Yong, 1995;gastropods, T. clavigera, Thais tuberosa and Morula granulataLiu et al, 1997) are scarce, although reported levels specially in areas including intensive navigation and harbor installations have been high (over 1,000ng.g -1 ) and of the same order as those available for temperate climate areas (Morgan et al, 1998;Ruiz et al, 1998;Swennen et al, 1997;ten Hallers-Tjabbes et al, 1994). As for the effect on humans, although organotin compounds are considered extremely toxic, environmental routes of exposure are usually not considered very critical (Schweinfurth & Günzel, 1987;Tsuda et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of imposex in Thais haemastoma: possible evidence of environmental contamination derived from organotin compounds in Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, Brazil

et al. 2002

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There are indications that the widespread use of organotin compounds (TBT and TPT) as antifoulings, as stabilizers in plastic and as pesticides, has severely affected several species of marine organisms. The most striking effect of TBT and TPT as hormonal disruptors is the development of male organs in females of gastropods, currently denominated imposex. This syndrome can lead to the sterilization and death of affected organisms. The present work gives an overview of the present state of knowledge on imposex occurrence and reports results of a survey conducted in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro and in several sites along the coast of Fortaleza, Ceará State. Different stages of imposex development were verified in this survey, however, the most prominent levels appeared associated to known spot sources of TBT and TPT.

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“…The OT contamination in JS was assumed to have been distributed by the heavy shipping traffic at the entrance of the straits, which consists of the Tanjung Pelepas port at Johor and nearby ports (Jurong and Tuas ports at Singapore). Swennen et al (1997) stated that imposex in gastropods can be found up to nearly 30 miles from the shipping route in the Straits of Malacca. Moreover, the Straits of Johor contain abundant aquaculture cages in addition to inshore fishermen villages.…”

Section: Comparison Of Bt Concentrations In This Study With Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Imposex in Thais gradata as a Biomarker for TBT Contamination on the Southern Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Mohamat-Yusuff

Zulkifli

Ismail

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Thais gradata samples were collected from six locations along the southern shores of Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for imposex incidence and organotin (butyltins (BTs), including tributyltin, dibutyltin, and monobutyltin, and phenyltins (PTs), including triphenyltin, diphenyltin, and monophenyltin concentrations), in tissue burden. On average, the BT levels were found to be higher than the levels reported a year before for other biota. In contrast, the PT compounds were found to be lower than in the previous report. The present study also classified the morphological expressions of the imposex scheme for this species into seven stages (stage 0 to stage 6) by observing the development of vas deference sequence (VDS) and penis bulk. This latest imposex scheme clearly indicates the mechanism of VDS growth, the structural changes from penis bulk to a penis with flagellum, and from a normal vaginal opening to a swollen vaginal opening. The degree of imposex was assessed using the vas deference sequence index and the percentage of females possessing the imposex characteristics. It was found that locations possessing high imposex levels also tended to show high BT levels in the snail tissue samples. However, correlation analysis did not show a significant relationship among the two parameters. A better result could be obtained if more samples and sampling locations were added in order to prove the hypothesis. The nonsignificant correlation between the shell height and any of the organotin compounds, along with no significant differences between BT levels in female and lower imposex stage samples, suggests that the BT concentration detected was a recent contamination.

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Imposex in Sublittoral and Littoral Gastropods from the Gulf of Thailand and Strait of Malacca in Relation to Shipping

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas

Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas

Occurrence of imposex in Thais haemastoma: possible evidence of environmental contamination derived from organotin compounds in Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, Brazil

Imposex in Thais gradata as a Biomarker for TBT Contamination on the Southern Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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