Imported Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in a French Tourist Returning from Thailand

Berry, Antoine; Iriart, Xavier; Wilhelm, Nathalie; Valentin, Alexis; Cassaing, Sophie; Witkowski, Benoît; Benoit‐Vical, Françoise; Ménard, Sandie; Olagnier, David; Fillaux, Judith; Sire, Stéphane; Coustumier, Alain Le; Magnaval, Jean-François

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0622

Cited by 44 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Four different RDTs have been used on travelers with knowlesi malaria, and one has been used on macaques experimentally infected with P. knowlesi, producing mixed results (Table 2) (31,39,42,52,53,64,115). For the BinaxNOW RDT, with the exception of one report where there was a positive P. falciparum and panmalaria result, all other reports indicated a positive pan-malaria result and a negative P. falciparum result.…”

Section: Rapid Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is likely to reflect generally low transmission rates combined with environmental interactions that predispose adults to come into contact with infected vectors. Similarly, males are more represented in the literature, especially in case reports (31,36,39,47,52,53), case series (35), and two recent prospective studies in Sarawak and Sabah (35,118), while studies in the Kapit region of Sarawak have found a more equal distribution (3,33). Reports from selected areas of Sabah indicated that 10% of patients were under 15 years of age, and males accounted for 74% of cases (41).…”

Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some hospitals in Malaysian Borneo, knowlesi malaria accounts for the majority of malaria cases admitted to hospitals (29,38,43). Human cases are not restricted to Malaysia, with reports of infections acquired in Thailand (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53), the Philippines (54-56), Myanmar (57,58), Singapore (59-61), Vietnam (62,63), Indonesia (64,65), Brunei (66), and Cambodia (67) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Epidemiology Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those acquiring their infections in Vietnam appear to be very similar to those in Sarawak in that they are people in the forest fringe who enter the forests to collect bamboo and rattan and work on their farms on mountain slopes (62), and there have also been cases of children living in forest communities with knowlesi malaria (63). In Singapore, servicemen acquired knowlesi malaria while training in a forested area (61 (66), and Thailand (52). Furthermore, a helicopter pilot returned to New Zealand with knowlesi malaria following a working stint in the interior of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo (36), and an Australian acquired it while working in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesian Borneo (64).…”

Section: Populations At Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

2013

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SUMMARY Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite that is found in nature in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques. Naturally acquired human infections were thought to be extremely rare until a large focus of human infections was reported in 2004 in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Human infections have since been described throughout Southeast Asia, and P. knowlesi is now recognized as the fifth species of Plasmodium causing malaria in humans. The molecular, entomological, and epidemiological data indicate that human infections with P. knowlesi are not newly emergent and that knowlesi malaria is primarily a zoonosis. Human infections were undiagnosed until molecular detection methods that could distinguish P. knowlesi from the morphologically similar human malaria parasite P. malariae became available. P. knowlesi infections cause a spectrum of disease and are potentially fatal, but if detected early enough, infections in humans are readily treatable. In this review on knowlesi malaria, we describe the early studies on P. knowlesi and focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical aspects, and treatment of knowlesi malaria. We also discuss the gaps in our knowledge and the challenges that lie ahead in studying the epidemiology and pathogenesis of knowlesi malaria and in the prevention and control of this zoonotic infection.

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Section: Rapid Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiology Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Populations At Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

2013

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“…The antigens detected by RDTs include P. falciparum-specific histidinerich protein 2 (PfHRP2), genus-specific aldolase (pan-aldolase), and pan-Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pan-pLDH) (12), as well as P. vivax-specific (13,14) and P. falciparum-specific (15) pLDH. Limited data from case reports demonstrate that RDTs detecting pan-aldolase and pan-pLDH may be used to detect P. knowlesi (16)(17)(18)(19)(20); however, the sensitivity of any RDT for the diagnosis of P. knowlesi has not been evaluated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of a pLDH-Based and an Aldolase-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Diagnosis of Uncomplicated and Severe Malaria Caused by PCR-Confirmed Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium vivax

et al. 2013

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dPlasmodium knowlesi can cause severe and fatal human malaria in Southeast Asia. Rapid diagnosis of all Plasmodium species is essential for initiation of effective treatment. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are sensitive for detection of uncomplicated and severe falciparum malaria but have not been systematically evaluated in knowlesi malaria. At a tertiary referral hospital in Sabah, Malaysia, we prospectively evaluated the sensitivity of two combination RDTs for the diagnosis of uncomplicated and severe malaria from all three potentially fatal Plasmodium species, using a pan-Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)-P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) RDT (First Response) and a pan-Plasmodium aldolase-PfHRP2 RDT (ParaHIT). Among 293 hospitalized adults with PCR-confirmed Plasmodium monoinfection, the sensitivity of the pLDH component of the pLDHPfHRP2 RDT was 74% (95/129; 95% confidence interval [CI], 65 to 80%), 91% (110/121; 95% CI, 84 to 95%), and 95% (41/43; 95% CI, 85 to 99%) for PCR-confirmed P. knowlesi, P. falciparum, and P. vivax infections, respectively, and 88% (30/34; 95% CI, 73 to 95%), 90% (38/42; 95% CI, 78 to 96%), and 100% (12/12; 95% CI, 76 to 100%) among patients tested before antimalarial treatment was begun. Sensitivity in severe malaria was 95% (36/38; 95% CI, 83 to 99), 100% (13/13; 95% CI, 77 to 100), and 100% (7/7; 95% CI, 65 to 100%), respectively. The aldolase component of the aldolase-PfHRP2 RDT performed poorly in all Plasmodium species. The pLDH-based RDT was highly sensitive for the diagnosis of severe malaria from all species; however, neither the pLDH-nor aldolase-based RDT demonstrated sufficiently high overall sensitivity for P. knowlesi. More sensitive RDTs are needed in regions of P. knowlesi endemicity.

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Malaria and Travellers

Bell

Lalloo

2013

Principles and Practice of Travel Medicine

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Imported Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in a French Tourist Returning from Thailand

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of a pLDH-Based and an Aldolase-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Diagnosis of Uncomplicated and Severe Malaria Caused by PCR-Confirmed Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium vivax

Malaria and Travellers

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