Imported Oil and U.S. National Security

Abstract

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Valuation of plug-in vehicle life-cycle air emissions and oil displacement benefits

“…The relevant literature and government rule-making have often assumed these costs to be nonlinear and coupled with other US strategic objectives, and they are often omitted from gasoline externality analyses (15)(16)(17). However, work by Delucchi and Murphy estimate the portion of these costs due to oil consumption from the Persian Gulf at $0.03-$0.16 per gallon of gasoline on average (18).…”

Vehicle Electrification: Status and Issues

“…In order to maintain the flow of oil, the U.S. must spend many tens of billions of dollars each year. The Rand Corporation estimated that the U.S. might be able to save between 12 and 15% of the fiscal year 2008 U.S. defense budget if all concerns for securing oil from the Persian Gulf were to disappear [97]. In addition, the volatility in energy prices restrains economic activity, as businesses and consumers delay purchasing decisions when oil prices increase.…”

The role of transnational companies as oil suppliers to the United States

“…In fact, the United States has practiced this policy in the Middle East since the middle of the 20th century (Bronson, 2006;Lebas, 2006;Crane et al, 2009) 18 and since the 1990s in Africa (Klare, 2004;Klare and Volman, 2006;Shaxson, 2008), 19 not to mention its intervention in Latin American countries.…”

“…17 Other countries which are also great importers (especially China, India, South Korea and Japan) have public agencies and other institutional mechanisms which allow them to establish agreements with the countries and the producing companies so that they can guarantee (at least to a certain extent) the supplies they need (palazuelos, 2008). 18 Crane et al (2009) give an estimate of the economic cost of the U.S. military policy towards the Middle East. Lebas (2006) …”