Imported cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in a Chinese laborer who worked in Saudi Arabia

Zhang, Min; Liu, Fang; Li, Haibo; Hu, Wen-xing; Sang, Hong

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20163820

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…More than 20 thousand Chinese workers are dispatched in Iraq in which they are threatened by the infection of Leishmania spp .. Indeed, more and more imported cases of leishmaniasis were reported in China in recent years [ 21 , 22 , 34 – 39 ], even though the transmission of the imported leishmaniasis in China was assessed as low risk [ 36 ]. However, the clinical and laboratory features of imported leishmaniasis was not well characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only in Iraq, China invested more than US$ 10.5 billion and nearly 20 000 Chinese engineers and workers were dispatched there in 2021 [18]. As these migrant workers returned to China, they brought back a lot of imported CL cases from those endemic countries with high prevalence of CL, such as North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and laboratory characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chinese migrant workers returned from Iraq

Bi,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Imported cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a growing problem with increasing global travel to endemic areas. Returned travelers with CL are easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreated due to the lack of awareness for the disease to the physicians in non-endemic region that may lead to unfavorable outcome. Our study intends to summarize the characteristics of Leishmania infection imported from Iraq, so as to help Chinese physicians diagnose and treat the disease. All CL patients were treated with intralesional injection of antimony. Methods The definitive diagnosis of CL is based on the parasite identification by microscopic examination directly on lesion smear or parasite culture, PCR amplification of Leishmania-specific internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1). The phylogenetic analysis, the immunopathological examination and the cytokine detection were proceeded after the diagnosis. Results We have identified 25 CL cases in migrant Chinese workers returned from Iraq for the first time with L. major as the major species of infected Leishmania parasite. Clinical features of the Iraq-imported CL include the history of skin exposure to sandflies bite and the lesions mostly on the exposed limbs. More ulcerative wet lesion was observed than nodular dry lesion. PCR is not only used to detect Leishmania parasite with high sensitivity, but also to identify the species of infected parasite through sequencing the amplified Leishmania-specific ITS-1 gene. The phylogenetic analysis based on the amplified ITS-1 sequences revealed that the infected Leishmania was closed related to the species and strains endemic in Iraq. The immunopathological examination revealed the T-cell filtrated cellular immune response with less B cells and NK cells involved. The cytokine profile measured in the skin lesion also confirmed the Th1 cellular response with higher expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-8. The skin lesions in CL patients were healed after being treated locally with antimony. Conclusions The clinical and parasitological features of these Chinese CL cases imported from Iraq provide useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of CL that is not commonly seen in Chinese local population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and laboratory characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chinese migrant workers returned from Iraq

Bi,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…As a result, CL could be potentially transmitted to other countries through Hajj and Umrah pilgrims leaving Saudi Arabia. In fact, different reports indicate that CL may have been introduced to Asia and Europe through Saudi Arabian visitors [ 28 – 30 ]. Compounding this issue is the finding that CL is now hyperendemic in conflict regions in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Vector-borne Protozoan Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hajj, Umrah, and the neglected tropical diseases

et al. 2018

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“…As statistics show, the wrong treatment was applied there in relation to nearly each case of leishmaniasis due to a diagnosis being delayed by at least several weeks [7,8,9,10,11]. In the Middle East the incidence of leishmaniasis is very rare.…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Olszański¹,

Siermontowski²,

Juszczak³

et al. 2016

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Poland is an imported disease mainly occurring in tourists who travelled to tropical countries. Cutaneous symptoms occur as late as between ten and twenty days following the return from the tropics. Lesions connected with cutaneous leishmaniasis were most commonly diagnosed by Polish doctors as furuncle, ecthyma or ulceration and ineffectively treated for several weeks with antibiotics. The paper presents the case of leishmaniasis in a 30-year-old male with an ulceration of the left shank, ineffectively treated with antibiotics over a period of four months. The ulceration was healed completely only after leishmaniasis was diagnosed and following the application of a treatment based on antimony derivatives, followed by hyperbaric oxygenation performed in a hyperbaric chamber.

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Imported cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in a Chinese laborer who worked in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Clinical and laboratory characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chinese migrant workers returned from Iraq

Clinical and laboratory characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chinese migrant workers returned from Iraq

Hajj, Umrah, and the neglected tropical diseases

A Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

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