Imported Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Jauréguiberry, Stéphane; Tattevin, Pierre; Tarantola, Arnaud; Legay, François; Tall, Adama; Nabeth, Pierre; Zeller, H.; Michelet, Christian

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.9.4905-4907.2005

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Asymptomatic infection of health care workers apparently does not occur . Imported cases of CCHF have occurred in France (Jaureguiberry et al, 2005) and the United Kingdom, but without further person-to-person transmission.…”

Section: Transmission To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bente, Dennis A.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Watts, Douglas M.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; and Bray, Mike, "CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity" (2013 b s t r a c tCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank.

show abstract

Section: Transmission To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some genera of the family Ixodidae (hard ticks) transmit vectors and reservoirs of this virus (10). Humans can be infected by tick bites and interaction with infected people or animals, which may cause CCHF outbreaks in some regions (1,9,17,19,24,27,33). In China, the first case of CCHF was reported in Bachu county of Xinjiang in 1965 (30), and since then, there have been several outbreaks in that area (3,4,21,23,37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Analysis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in Xinjiang, China

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2004 and 2005, an epidemiological survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) was conducted in Xinjiang, China. A total of 5,629 serum samples of human and livestock were collected and tested for the CCHFV antibody, and 17,319 ticks were collected for viral identification. Reverse passive hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that the average prevalence of CCHFV antibody was 1.7% for the humans and 12.7% for the livestock. A relatively high antibody prevalence, ranging from 19.1% to 23.4%, was found in the livestock of the northwest, southwest, and northeast parts of the Tarim Basin. When the ticks were pooled to inoculate suckling mice, followed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to detect CCHFV RNA, the average RT-PCR-positive rates for Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi and H. asiaticum asiaticum were 12.9% and 2.6%, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the antibody prevalence in the livestock and the CCHFV prevalence in H. asiaticum of the same geographic region. No CCHFV RNA was detected in Dermacentor nivenus, Rhipicephalus turanius, or Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A total of 27 partial S segments of CCHFVs were sequenced and used for phylogeny analysis. All but one Chinese isolate grouped into the Asia 1 clade, which contains the strains from Xinjiang and Uzbekistan, while the other strain, Fub90009, grouped with strains from the Middle East.Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. The virus has a tripartite genome composed of a small (S), a medium (M), and a large (L) RNA segment (39). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease with a mortality rate of 10% to 50% (16, 35) and has been reported in more than 30 countries in Africa, Europe, and Asia (16,20,26,36,38,43). The potential use of CCHFV as a terrorist agent is a threat to public health (5, 10). Some genera of the family Ixodidae (hard ticks) transmit vectors and reservoirs of this virus (10). Humans can be infected by tick bites and interaction with infected people or animals, which may cause CCHF outbreaks in some regions (1,9,17,19,24,27,33). In China, the first case of CCHF was reported in Bachu county of Xinjiang in 1965 (30), and since then, there have been several outbreaks in that area (3,4,21,23,37). Several regions in the Tarim Basin, such as the Tarim River and the Yeerqiang River, and the Junggar Basin were identified as natural epidemic foci of CCHF (2, 14). So far, the phylogenetic data for CCHFV in China all relate to the western part of the Tarim Basin (Bachu county and surrounding areas) (22, 28, 37), but the geographic distribution of Hyalomma asiaticum (the local major vector) in Xinjiang appears to occupy a much larger area (40).In this study, the epidemiology of CCHFV in the Tarim Basin, the Junggar Basin, the Turpan-Hami Basin, and the Ili Valley, which are the habitats of ticks, was studied. A total of 5,629 serum samples from livestock and humans living in these areas were collected and t...

show abstract

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth laboratory-confirmed importation of CCHF into a non-endemic European country, following the fatal case imported into the UK from Afghanistan in 2012 [10], the medical evacuation of a United States soldier from Afghanistan into Germany in 2009 that resulted in a fatal outcome [13] and a non-fatal case imported into France from Senegal in 2004 [14]. In addition to these confirmed cases, a suspected case of CCHF was imported into the UK from Zimbabwe in 1997 [15] and an unpublished case was imported into Germany from Bulgaria in 2001 [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fatal case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever imported into the United Kingdom (ex Bulgaria), June 2014

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was diagnosed in a United Kingdom traveller who returned from Bulgaria in June 2014. The patient developed a moderately severe disease including fever, headaches and petechial rash. CCHF was diagnosed following identification of CCHF virus (CCHFV) RNA in a serum sample taken five days after symptom onset. Sequence analysis of the CCHFV genome showed that the virus clusters within the Europe 1 clade, which includes viruses from eastern Europe.

show abstract

Imported Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Analysis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in Xinjiang, China

Non-fatal case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever imported into the United Kingdom (ex Bulgaria), June 2014

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About