Important metabolic pathways in poultry embryos prior to hatch

Oliveira, J. E. de; Uni, Zehava; Ferket, P. R.

doi:10.1017/s0043933908000160

Cited by 141 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The reason for this response is unknown, but perhaps the rates of O 2 consumption could explain this pattern of fat oxidation. O 2 supply is essential for the β-oxidation of fatty acids from the yolk and effective retrieval of lipids during incubation, as pointed out in several reviews [1][2][3][4] and demonstrated in previous study that the rate of O 2 consumption influences the amount of yolk fat used [14]. Further, O 2 consumption and FU are positively correlated as documented in several studies [9,11], which showed that a lower O 2 consumption rate and higher yolk weight are associated with less fat oxidation.…”

Section: Fatmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Gas exchange measurement was based on the paramagnetic principle in an open air circuit respiration unit (Micro-Oxymax calorimeter from Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA), equipped with four respiration chambers with a volume of 2000 cm 3 . The concentrations of O 2 and CO 2 in the incoming atmospheric air to the chambers were 20.946% and 0.038%, respectively.…”

Section: Gas Exchange Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose from carbohydrates and protein provides an important source of energy during the first two weeks of embryonic development, and from then until 2 or 3 days before internal piping, fatty acids from the yolk supply 90% of the energy requirement of the embryo. Towards the end of incubation, a few days before piping, energy metabolism switches to glucose through gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ovo nutrient supply, for example, is a technique that involves the injection of a nutrient solution few days prior to piping to provide an external source of energy to the embryo and to the hatchlings [3,6]. The technique is very promising; however, the practice remains to be perfected and commercialised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Effect of In Ovo Injection of Silver Nanoparticles on Fat Uptake and Development in Broiler and Layer Hatchlings

Pineda

Chwalibog

Sawosz

et al. 2012

Journal of Nanotechnology

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNano) as carrier of available oxygen (O 2 ) and with high surface reactivity may increase O 2 consumption, enhance fat uptake (FU), and stimulate growth and development. The objective was to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of AgNano on the metabolic rate (O 2 consumption, CO 2 production, and heat production, HP), fat uptake, and the development of broiler and layer hatchlings. AgNano concentrations (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) were injected in ovo at day 1 of incubation to different breeds of broiler and layer chicken embryos. Oxygen consumption and subsequently FU did not increase linearly following AgNano treatment. FU was lower in hatchlings treated with 50 and 100 mg AgNano/kg, but surprisingly not in hatchlings treated with 75 mg AgNano/kg. Interestingly, the difference in FU between treatments was not reflected in hatchling development. The results indicated that AgNano affected metabolic rate and FU; however, it did not influence the development of hatchlings. This suggests that in ovo injection of AgNano reduces the need to use yolk fat as an energy source during embryonic development and consequently the remaining fat in the residual yolk sac may provide a potent source of nutritional reserves for chicks of few days after hatching.

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Section: Fatmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Gas Exchange Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigating the Effect of In Ovo Injection of Silver Nanoparticles on Fat Uptake and Development in Broiler and Layer Hatchlings

Pineda

Chwalibog

Sawosz

et al. 2012

Journal of Nanotechnology

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“…Several research papers focus on the effect of DFA in broiler production because of its significant effects on muscle and organ development (Noy and Sklan 1999;Noy et al 2001;Uni et al 2003). Moreover, some of the important metabolic pathways prior to hatch are also described in a recent review (De Oliveira et al 2008) which emphasizes the liver, pectoral muscle, hatching muscle and intestine, as most affected by changes toward hatch. In the present study, the relative growth rates differed in the different organs; the relative growth of the gizzard and pancreas depressed more rapidly and dramatically than the other organs.…”

Section: Relative Weights Of Intestines and Other Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary organic acid blend supplementation and interaction with delayed feed access after hatch on broiler growth performance and intestinal health

Cengiz¹,

Köksal²,

Tatlı³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a dietary organic acid blend for a period of 35 days on the growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and microflora of male broiler chicks with delayed access to feed. One hundred and ninety two one day old broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were randomly distributed into 4 groups housed in four replicate pens with 12 birds in each. A 2 × 2 factorial design was implemented. Four experimental groups were formed by two levels of dietary organic acid blend supplementation (Control and Fysal Dry ® ) and two periods of delayed feed access (0 and 36 h). At 36 h after hatching body weight and body weight change of chicks were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than groups fed immediately after hatching. Delayed feed access had an adverse impact (P < 0.001) on the body weight and feed consumption of broiler chickens on days 14 and 28. Between the days 28 and 35 of the feeding period, these differences disappeared. The relative weight of gizzard (P < 0.05), pancreas (P < 0.01) on day 6 and intestine (P < 0.05) on day 10, and gizzard (P < 0.01) on day 10 were reduced in birds subjected to delayed feed access. Dietary organic acid blend inclusion increased villus length (P < 0.001), whereas delayed feed access decreased villus length (P < 0.05) and increased the incidence of epithelial degeneration and basal membrane separation of the propria mucosa of villus in the jejenum. A significant decrease in Enterobacteriaceae count (P < 0.01) was noted in organic acid blend supplemented groups on day 25. Pectoral muscle malondialdehyde levels were decreased (P < 0.01) with dietary organic acid blend supplementation at day 10. Delayed feed access significantly increased (P < 0.05) the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio at day 6. Overall, dietary organic acid blend supplementation helped broiler chicks to develop a healthier intestinal microflora and this may, in turn, inhibit the delayed feed access-induced increase in malondialdehyde in the early growing period. However, the inclusion of organic acid blend to broiler diets may not be a protective management practice in preventing delayed feed access-related growth depression of broiler chickens.

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The effect of early prenatal hypercapnia on the vascular network in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken embryo

Verhoelst

Ketelaere

Decuypere

et al. 2011

Biotechnology Progress

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Over the last decade, the poultry sector has sought to develop novel ways to monitor chicken embryonic growth, health, and quality to control and optimize egg incubation conditions, particularly the concentration of dissolved gases (O(2), CO(2)). One of the parameters, which may change under different gas concentrations, is the angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), the organ for gas exchange of the chicken embryo. In this study, a newly developed methodology was used to quantify the angiogenesis in the CAM under normal and early hypercapnic conditions (i.e., increased CO(2) concentrations). Two experiments were conducted in which the same CO(2) profile was applied. The development of the vascular system was monitored from embryonic day (ED) 10 until ED 14 in Experiment 1, and until ED 16 in Experiment 2. This development was characterized by two different parameters-the vascular fraction (VF) as a measure for the density of the vascular network and the fractal dimension (FD) as a measure for the degree of branching of the vascular network. Moreover, in Experiment 2, embryo weights were compared between both groups. The proposed methodology showed that differences in the development of the vascular system could be observed across groups but also as function of the ED. Both VF and FD and the embryo weights were shown to be higher in the hypercapnia group compared to the control group.

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Important metabolic pathways in poultry embryos prior to hatch

Cited by 141 publications

References 61 publications

Investigating the Effect of In Ovo Injection of Silver Nanoparticles on Fat Uptake and Development in Broiler and Layer Hatchlings

Investigating the Effect of In Ovo Injection of Silver Nanoparticles on Fat Uptake and Development in Broiler and Layer Hatchlings

Influence of dietary organic acid blend supplementation and interaction with delayed feed access after hatch on broiler growth performance and intestinal health

The effect of early prenatal hypercapnia on the vascular network in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken embryo

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