Important issues in the cytotoxicity screening of nano-sized materials

Frőhlich, Eleonore; Meindl, Claudia; Pieber, Thomas R.

doi:10.1515/entl-2015-0002

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, the MTS assay was used. Since particles by themselves may cause absorbance or react with the assay compounds, particles alone (in the absence of cells) were also tested [35]. No action of the UCNPs alone on the absorbance was detected, which means that the UCNPs by themselves do not affect the assay readout.…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Biological Assessment of Upconversion Nanohybrids

et al. 2021

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Nanoparticles for medical use should be non-cytotoxic and free of bacterial contamination. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) made by combining UCNPs free of oleic acid, here termed bare UCNPs (UCn), and CB[7], i.e., UC@CB[7] nanohybrids, could be used as photoactive inorganic-organic hybrid scaffolds for biological applications. UCNPs, in general, are not considered to be highly toxic materials, but the release of fluorides and lanthanides upon their dissolution may cause cytotoxicity. To identify potential adverse effects of the nanoparticles, dehydrogenase activity of endothelial cells, exposed to various concentrations of the UCNPs, was determined. Data were verified by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as the indicator of loss of plasma membrane integrity, which indicates necrotic cell death. This assay, in combination with calcein AM/Ethidium homodimer-1 staining, identified induction of apoptosis as main mode of cell death for both particles. The data showed that the UCNPs are not cytotoxic to endothelial cells, and the samples did not contain endotoxin contamination. Higher cytotoxicity, however, was seen in HeLa and RAW 264.7 cells. This may be explained by differences in lysosome content and particle uptake rate. Internalization of UCn and UC@CB[7] nanohybrids by cells was demonstrated by NIR laser scanning microscopy.

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Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Biological Assessment of Upconversion Nanohybrids

et al. 2021

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Fenton-like degradation of carmine dyes based on artificial intelligence modeling and optimization of reduced graphene oxide loaded iron-cobalt-nickel trimetallic nanocomposites

Xin

et al. 2022

Materials Today Communications

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Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics, Part I: Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, and Regulatory Aspects

et al. 2020

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The starting point of successful hazard assessment is the generation of unbiased and trustworthy data. Conventional toxicity testing deals with extensive observations of phenotypic endpoints in vivo and complementing in vitro models. The increasing development of novel materials and chemical compounds dictates the need for a better understanding of the molecular changes occurring in exposed biological systems. Transcriptomics enables the exploration of organisms' responses to environmental, chemical, and physical agents by observing the molecular alterations in more detail. Toxicogenomics integrates classical toxicology with omics assays, thus allowing the characterization of the mechanism of action (MOA) of chemical compounds, novel small molecules, and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Lack of standardization in data generation and analysis currently hampers the full exploitation of toxicogenomics-based evidence in risk assessment. To fill this gap, TGx methods need to take into account appropriate experimental design and possible pitfalls in the transcriptomic analyses as well as data generation and sharing that adhere to the FAIR Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 750 2 of 23 recent advancements in the design and analysis of DNA microarray, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data. We provide guidelines on exposure time, dose and complex endpoint selection, sample quality considerations and sample randomization. Furthermore, we summarize publicly available data resources and highlight applications of TGx data to understand and predict chemical toxicity potential. Additionally, we discuss the efforts to implement TGx into regulatory decision making to promote alternative methods for risk assessment and to support the 3R (reduction, refinement, and replacement) concept. This review is the first part of a three-article series on Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics. These initial considerations on Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, Regulatory Aspects, are the starting point for further rigorous and reliable data preprocessing and modeling, described in the second and third part of the review series.

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Important issues in the cytotoxicity screening of nano-sized materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Initial Biological Assessment of Upconversion Nanohybrids

Initial Biological Assessment of Upconversion Nanohybrids

Fenton-like degradation of carmine dyes based on artificial intelligence modeling and optimization of reduced graphene oxide loaded iron-cobalt-nickel trimetallic nanocomposites

Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics, Part I: Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, and Regulatory Aspects

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