Important differences in cardiovascular autonomic control of hypertensive middle-aged women and men – a critical appraisal

Abstract

BackgroundNormotensive women before menopause showed a vagal predominance of cardiac autonomic modulation, while age-matched men showed a sympathetic modulation predominance. However, some women develop systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) even with preserved ovarian function. Our hypothesis is that these women may have cardiovascular autonomic parameters like those of hypertensive men, even when subjected to pharmacological treatment. We aim to investigate the cardiovascular autonomic modulation balance and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in hypertensive women with preserved ovarian function and age-matched men.MethodsOne hundred volunteers between 18 and 45 years of age, were assigned to two groups of fifty: Hypertensive group, with a SAH history for at least 6 months (25 men and 25 women) treated with monotherapy (losartan, 25-50mg/kg) and normotensive group (25 men and 25 women). Anthropometric, hemodynamic, metabolic, and autonomic cardiovascular assessments were performed focusing: BRS, autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV).ResultsThe results showed that HRV analysis, women showed higher values ​​of HF oscillations in absolute and normalized units, and lower values ​​of LF in normalized units and LF/HF ratio compared to men. When normotensive and hypertensive groups were compared, hypertensive groups showed lower values ​​of total variance, LF and HF bands in absolute units. There were similar in BPV. However, hypertensive groups showed lower BRS values when compared to normotensive group.ConclusionThe results indicate that hypertensive groups even with blood pressure controlled through pharmacological treatment, continued to have reduced HRV than normotensive, and hypertensive women have minor cardiovascular autonomic impairment than men.

Konstruksi Sosial Melalui Kompetisi Sepakbola Wanita

“…Secara biologis, wanita dan laki-laki memiliki fisik yang berbeda dan merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh pada perilaku. Wanita menunjukkan perbedaan hormonal dan fisiologis dengan laki-laki (Philbois et al, 2021 (Izzo, et al, 2020). Passing merupakan teknik menendang bola yang bertujuan untuk mengoperkan bola kepada teman sendiri dalam permainan sepakbola.…”