Important co-morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus in three clinics in Western Kenya

Kirui, Nicholas; Pastakia, Sonak D.; Kamano, Jemima H.; Cheng, Stephanie; Manuthu, E.; Chege, Peter; Gardner, Adrian; Mwangi, Ann; Da, Enarson; Reid, Anthony; Carter, E. J.

doi:10.5588/pha.12.0031

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Specifically, the prevalence of diabetes has rapidly increased over recent decades. 1 Unmet need for diabetes care among 77% of diabetes patients 2 results in 80% to 90% of patients with diabetes having poor glycaemic control 3 , 4 and complications including diabetic foot disease with a lifetime risk of developing foot ulcer estimated at 19% to 34%. 5 Kenya with an age-standardized prevalence of diabetes at 2.4%, 6 has between 27.1% 7 and 63.4% 8 of diabetes patients having poor glycaemic control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya

Nduati

Gatimu

Kombe

2022

EAHRJ

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Background: Screening for diabetic foot complications is often neglected, especially during routine and/or annual diabetes check-ups. We assessed the risk of diabetic foot complications among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kenya using the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot risk stratification guidelines to highlight the need for improved foot care. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya between July and October 2015. Seven hundred patients with type 2 diabetes were identified and 147 were systematically sampled. A trained podiatrist examined patients, and urine and blood samples were taken for biochemical tests and assessed by the investigating team. Results: In total, 44(29.9%) men and 103(70.1%) women were sampled; 75(51.0%) were aged over 55 years, 113(76.9%) were overweight/obese, 117(79.6%) had poor glycaemic control and 125(85%) had never had their feet screened for complications. Thirty participants (20.4%) were categorised as being at high risk for developing diabetic foot complications while 54(36.7%) had moderate risk, 53(36.1%) had low risk and 10(6.8%) had no risk. Compared to other risk groups, those with moderate risk for developing diabetic foot problems had higher mean levels of glycated haemoglobin (9.4%), albumin-creatinine ratio (50.3) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.4 mmol/L) at presentation. No other differences in clinical and laboratory profiles were noted. Conclusion: Our results show high rates of obesity, and poor glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and 56.5% of patients are categorised as being a moderate-to-high risk for foot problems. This highlights the need for healthcare professionals and patients in Kenya to be sensitised regarding the importance of foot screening to prevent lower-extremity complications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya

Nduati

Gatimu

Kombe

2022

EAHRJ

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Active smoking among people with diabetes mellitus or hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Noubiap

Nansseu

Endomba

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The objective was to summarize existing data on the prevalence of active tobacco smoking among patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Africa. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and AJOL to include studies published from January 01, 2000 to August 23, 2017 reporting on the prevalence of active smoking in individuals aged ≥15 years with hypertension or diabetes mellitus residing inside Africa. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool studies. The pooled prevalence of active smoking among patients with hypertension or diabetes was 12.9% (95%CI: 10.6–15.3; 50 studies; 16,980 patients) and 12.9% (95%CI: 9.6–16.6; 42 studies; 18,564 patients), respectively. For both conditions, the prevalence of active smoking was higher in males than in females (p < 0.001), and in Northern compared to sub-Saharan Africa (p < 0.001). There was no difference between urban and rural settings, and between community-based and hospital-based studies, except for patients with diabetes for whom the prevalence was higher in hospital-based studies (p = 0.032). The prevalence of active smoking is high among patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Africa, with the heaviest burden in Northern Africa. Interventions for smoking prevention or cessation should be implemented in these high risk populations, targeting particularly the males.

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Meta-analysis of the prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients and its association with cigarette smoking in African and Asian countries

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients and to determine the effect of cigarette smoking.ResultsA total of 15 studies was included in the meta-analysis. The pooled overall prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetes was 4.72% (95% CI 3.62–5.83%). In sub-group analyses, the prevalence was 5.13% (95% CI 4.34–5.92%) in Africa, followed by 4.16% (95% CI 2.9–5.4%) in Asia. The odd ratio of tuberculosis among diabetes patients was 7.6 (95% CI 1.46–39) in cigarette smokers as compared to nonsmokers. Publication bias was detected based on graphic asymmetry of fun-nel plots, Begg’s and Egger’s tests (p < 0.05). Tuberculosis is a common co-morbidity in diabetic patients. Tuberculosis-diabetes co-morbidity is significantly higher in cigarette smokers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3390-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Important co-morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus in three clinics in Western Kenya

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya

Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya

Active smoking among people with diabetes mellitus or hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Meta-analysis of the prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients and its association with cigarette smoking in African and Asian countries

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