Important and specific role for basophils in acute allergic reactions

Abstract

SummaryIgE‐mediated allergic reactions involve the activation of effector cells, predominantly through the high‐affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils. Although the mast cell is considered the major effector cell during acute allergic reactions, more recent studies indicate a potentially important and specific role for basophils and their migration which occurs rapidly upon allergen challenge in humans undergoing anaphylaxis. We review the evidence for a role of basophils in contributing to clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis and discuss the possibility that basophil trafficking during anaphylaxis might be a pathogenic (to target organs) or protective (preventing degranulation in circulation) response. Finally, we examine the potential role of basophils in asthma exacerbations. Understanding the factors that regulate basophil trafficking and activation might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in anaphylaxis and asthma.

Benralizumab: From the Basic Mechanism of Action to the Potential Use in the Biological Therapy of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

“…Therefore, it could be inferred that airway eosinophils, because of their more advanced stage throughout the maturation process, are less responsive to biological therapies targeting either IL-5 or its receptor [ 64 ]. Benralizumab was also capable of significantly decreasing the numbers of IL-5 receptor expressing blood basophils [ 63 ], which have been shown to be increased in bronchial walls of allergic asthmatic patients [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis?

“…Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that even mild, non-generalized allergic reactions can involve underlying systemic immune activation. Therefore, not all systemic reactions are currently classified as anaphylaxis 16 Some triggers of anaphylaxis cause rapidly progressing symptoms, but are of delayed onset after allergen exposure e.g.…”

“…Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that even mild, non-generalized allergic reactions can involve underlying systemic immune activation. Therefore, not all systemic reactions are currently classified as anaphylaxis 16 …”

Use of Nasal Cytology in Diagnosis of Sinonasal Disorders

“…The mast cell, once stimulated, determines immediate symptoms. This rapidity of action can be observed in the early phase of the allergic reaction [13]. However, this cell is able, through the release of chemotactic factors, to influence also late phlogistic reactions.…”