“…Trees face significant threats from climate change, wildfires, and pest infestations [1]. Various forest disasters, including wildfires, climate change, human encroachment, and tree pathogens and pests, have varying degrees of impact on forest ecosystems, influencing agriculture, forestry, and human livelihood [2]. Among forest pests, wood-boring beetles pose a particularly significant threat, including species such as Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Semanotus bifasciatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).…”