Importance of tumor thickness and depth of invasion in nodal involvement and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of the literature

Pentenero, Monica; Gandolfo, S; Carrozzo, M

doi:10.1002/hed.20275

Cited by 350 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In our study, the local recurrence rate of 10.3% was similar to those reported in the literature [5,13,[29][30][31]. Some studies have demonstrated that pathological variables such as DOI, surgical margin, and POI could be reliable parameters for local recurrence in early-stage OTSCC [8][9][10][11][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. We observed that a higher incidence of local recurrence was associated with POI, NAC, closed surgical margin, and perineural invasion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Treatment failure in OTSCC patients is most frequently due to local and regional recurrences [4,5]. The prognosis also depends or varies with nodal involvement, tumor thickness, and the status of the surgical margins [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, the most significant prognostic factor in OTSCC is the presence of metastatic disease in the cervical lymph nodes [7,9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prognosis also depends or varies with nodal involvement, tumor thickness, and the status of the surgical margins [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, the most significant prognostic factor in OTSCC is the presence of metastatic disease in the cervical lymph nodes [7,9,11]. Unfortunately, this metastatic disease is quite often subclinical or occult at the time of diagnosis and treatment; therefore, controversy exists regarding the treatment of the clinically negative neck in patients with T1-2N0 OTSCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Locoregional Recurrence in T1-2N0 Tongue Cancer Patients

Yanamoto

Yamada

Takahashi

et al. 2013

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Locoregional recurrence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has been considered a poor prognostic entity in terms of survival rate.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of locoregional recurrence and to identify significant risk factors for locoregional recurrence in early-stage OTSCC. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 58 patients who underwent radical surgery for T1-2N0 OTSCC. The local recurrence and regional recurrence rates were 10.3% (6/58 patients) and 15.5% (9/58 patients) in this study, respectively. The survival rate of patients with local recurrence was 66.7%, which was significantly lower than that (96.2%) of patients without local recurrence, whereas the survival rates of patients with or without regional recurrence were not significantly difference. Pattern of invasion (POI), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and the status of the surgical margin were identified as factors influencing local recurrence. In particular, the status of the deep surgical margin was a high potential independent risk factor. The deep surgical margin was resected closely in many NAC-treated cases, suggesting that NAC may lead to local recurrence and a poor outcome. No efficacy of NAC was observed, suggesting that the standard treatment for early OTSCC is surgery alone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Locoregional Recurrence in T1-2N0 Tongue Cancer Patients

Yanamoto

Yamada

Takahashi

et al. 2013

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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“…This was made possible by the adoption of a head and neck orthotopic model (Myers et al, 2002). This aspect is particularly relevant for head and neck cancer, as this type of cancer has a loco-regional evolution with frequent neck involvement, which is the most important parameter for prognosis (Pentenero et al, 2005). Of importance, the present data demonstrate a differential effect of the respective treatments on node involvement, lending additional clinical significance to the observations obtained from the examination of the primary tumours.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Combined effects of bevacizumab with erlotinib and irradiation: a preclinical study on a head and neck cancer orthotopic model

et al. 2008

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Clinical benefit has been demonstrated in patients with head and neck tumours receiving an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agent in combination with radiotherapy (RT). Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest beneficial effects from combining anti-angiogenic drugs with RT. To investigate the effect of combining these approaches, we evaluated in vivo the anti-tumour efficacy of the anti-angiogenic compound bevacizumab, a highly specific monoclonal antibody directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and irradiation given alone and in combination. Investigations were performed using a VEGF-secreting human head and neck tumour cell line, CAL33, with a high EGFR content, injected as orthotopic xenografts into the mouth floor of nude mice. Three days after tumour cell injection, bevacizumab (5 mg kg À1 , 5 days a week, i.p.), erlotinib (100 mg kg À1 , 5 days a week, orally) and irradiation (6 Gy, 3 days a week) were administered alone and in combination for 10 days. As compared with the control, concomitant administration of drugs produced a marked and significant supra-additive decrease in tumour mass; the addition of irradiation almost completely abolished tumour growth. The drug association markedly reduced the number of metastatic nodes and the triple combination significantly reduced the total number of pathologically positive lymph nodes as compared with controls. The RT-induced proliferation, reflected by Ki67 labelling, was reduced to control level with the triple combination. Radiotherapy induced a strong and very significant increase in tumour angiogenesis, which was no longer observed when combined with erlotinib and bevacizumab. The efficacy of the combination of bevacizumab þ erlotinib and RT may be of clinical importance in the management of head and neck cancer patients.

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“…Several ways of defining TT have been used in the previous studies and summarized by Pentenero et al as follows: a) from surface/base of the ulcer to deepest point of invasion; b) from adjacent intact mucosa to deepest point of invasion; c) from basal membrane to deepest point of invasion. 18 Moore et al found that survival correlated better with TT when measured from a theoretical construction of a basement membrane through the tumor than from the surface of the tumor. 19,20 In a study originating from Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Kane et al compared depths measured from the surface of a tumor versus from adjacent normal mucosa and concluded that the latter (referred to as microscopic depth) had a stronger correlation with the risk of lymphnode involvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors in oral carcinoma and the relationship between tumor thickness and regional nodal involvement: a pilot study in a semi urban population in New Delhi, India

2017

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health problem worldwide, with approximately 275,000 cases annually and a strong association with risk factors like smoking. It is a subtype of head & neck cancer involving the oral cavity. The present study evaluated the role of various risk factors in the development of oral carcinoma among our patient population.Methods: A total of 40 cases of oral carcinoma with radical neck dissection were evaluated. Data on the age, personal history and presenting clinical features were analyzed. The depth of the tumor and the maximum tumor thickness were carefully evaluated. Also, pathological T-stage, the presence/absence of vascular and peri-neural infiltration was evaluated in each case. The presence of nodal metastases and the stage of the tumor was assessed. Data was tabulated and correlation of nodal metastasis with tumor thickness, pathological T-stage, vascular invasion, and peri-neural infiltration was evaluated by appropriate statistical analysis method.Results: A total of 40 cases, 82.5% males and 17.5% females, were all smokers with history of consumption of smoking or smokeless or both. Tongue was the most common site of oral carcinoma (37.5%) involvement, histological characterization of all were Squamous cell carcinoma with majority of the patients in pathological stage II. A significant association between the tumor thickness and metastasis was also seen. Conclusions: The tumor thickness of oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be an important prognostic indicator for the occurrence of metastases to the regional cervical lymph nodes.

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Importance of tumor thickness and depth of invasion in nodal involvement and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of the literature

Cited by 350 publications

References 77 publications

Predictors of Locoregional Recurrence in T1-2N0 Tongue Cancer Patients

Predictors of Locoregional Recurrence in T1-2N0 Tongue Cancer Patients

Combined effects of bevacizumab with erlotinib and irradiation: a preclinical study on a head and neck cancer orthotopic model

Risk factors in oral carcinoma and the relationship between tumor thickness and regional nodal involvement: a pilot study in a semi urban population in New Delhi, India

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