Importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock

Rajput, Zahid Iqbal; Hu, Songhua; Chen, Wanjun; Arijo, A. G.; Xiao, Chi

doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.b0912

Cited by 181 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, the production and contribution from this massive livestock resource to the country's national income is unduly small due to several factors such as parasites (Hagos et al, 2013). Ticks are very significant and harmful blood sucking external parasites of livestock in the world (Rajput et al, 2006). They are common and widely distributed in all agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia (Bersissa Kumsa and Sileshi Mekonnen 2011;Bersissa Kumsa et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and infestation load of ixodid ticks of cattle in Dassenech District, Southern Ethiopia

Kemal¹,

Abera²

2017

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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Ticks are harmful blood sucking external parasites of livestock that are distributed in all agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted to identify major tick genera, prevalence and assess tick infestation load on cattle in Dassenech district, southern Ethiopia from October 2014 to June 2015. A total of 384 animals were sampled using random sampling technique. Ticks were collected from different sites including the ear, neck dewlap, abdomen, anus, hip udder, scrotum and base of tail. Of the total examined animals, 72.1% (n=277/384) tick infestation prevalence was recorded. Rhipicephalus/Boophilus was the most abundant tick genera (84.64%) among the three identified tick genera in the district followed by Amblyomma. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of tick infestation among male and female animals (χ 2 =1.61; p=0.205) as well as age group (χ 2 =1.30; p=0.254). Animals with poor body condition score had significantly higher tick prevalence (89.47%) than medium (77.48%) and good body condition score (48.74%) animals (χ 2 =51.6; p=0.001). This finding indicated that there is high prevalence of tick infestation in the area which alarms for further detailed investigation and designing efficient method of tick control in the study area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and infestation load of ixodid ticks of cattle in Dassenech District, Southern Ethiopia

Kemal¹,

Abera²

2017

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…Anaplasma, Borrelia and Babesia spp.) (de la Fuente et al, 2007;Jongejan and Uilenberg, 2004;Lynen et al, 2007;Madder et al, 2011); as well as rapid development of resistance to major chemical classes of acaricides (De La Fuente et al, 2000;Li et al, 2007;Rajput et al, 2006;Rodriguez-Vivas et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity, acaricide resistance status and evolutionary potential of a Rhipicephalus microplus population from a disease-controlled cattle farming area in South Africa

Robbertse

Baron

Merwe

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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The Southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite of great veterinary and economic importance. Along with its adaptability, reproductive success and vectoring capacity, R. microplus has been reported to develop resistance to the major chemical classes of acaricides currently in use. In South Africa, the Mnisi community in the Mpumalanga region offers a unique opportunity to study the adaptive potential of R.microplus. The aims of this study therefore included characterising acaricide resistance and determining the level and pattern of genetic diversity for R. microplus in this region from one primary population consisting of 12 communal dip-stations. The level of acaricide resistance was evaluated using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that contribute to acaricide insensitivity. Additionally, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene fragments of collected individuals were sequenced and a haplotype network was constructed. A high prevalence of alleles attributed to resistance against formamidines (amitraz) in the octopamine/tyramine (OCT/Tyr) receptor (frequency of 0.55) and pyrethroids in the carboxylesterase (frequency of 0.81) genes were observed. Overall, the sampled tick population was homozygous resistant to pyrethroid-based acaricides in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGS) gene. A total of 11 haplotypes were identified in the Mnisi R.microplus population from ITS2 analysis with no clear population structure. From these allele frequencies it appears that formamidine resistance in the Mnisi community is on the rise, as the R. microplus populations is acquiring or generating these resistance alleles. Apart from rearing multi-resistant ticks to commonly used acaricides in this community these ticks may pose future problems to its surrounding areas.

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“…The increased risks associated with them are supported by expansion of tick populations into areas where they were previously absent, and by some changes in social habits, increasing the contact between humans and ticks [2]. Ticks cause important economic losses to the livestock industry, mainly affecting tropical and subtropical countries, where ticks constitute one of the main difficulties for the development of the livestock breeding industry [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR for molecular screening of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp.

Rodríguez¹,

Burri²,

Noda³

et al. 2015

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Rodríguez I, Burri C, Noda AA, Douet V, Gern L. Multiplex PCR for molecular screening of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2015; 22(4): 642-646. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1185767 Abstract Introduction. Ticks transmit a great variety of pathogenic microorganisms to humans and animals. The detection of tickborne pathogens (TBP) is mainly by molecular techniques based on polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Objective. To design and evaluate a multiplex PCR for the molecular screening of zoonotic TBP for exploratory studies. Material and methods. Control DNA from reference strains, DNA from experimentally-infected biological specimens, and from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from domestic and homeless dogs were used. A multiplex PCR assay to detect the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. was designed and optimized using primers previously reported for B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma spp., while for Babesia spp. they were designed in silico. The multiplex PCR was evaluated on the DNA from biological samples. Results. A new set of specific primers for Babesia spp. was designed. Adjustment of the master mix reactive concentrations and amplification conditions for the multiplex PCR allowed the successful amplification of the specific amplicons for each microbial group from the control DNA and experimentally-infected biological specimens. The efficiency of the multiplex PCR amplifying three DNA targets was confirmed. Individual and co-infection of Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. were detected in the R. sanguineus ticks from dogs. Conclusions. A multiplex PCR assay for the screening of three TBP is available. By using it, B. burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. can be detected accurately in one PCR reaction.

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Importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock

Cited by 181 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence and infestation load of ixodid ticks of cattle in Dassenech District, Southern Ethiopia

Prevalence and infestation load of ixodid ticks of cattle in Dassenech District, Southern Ethiopia

Genetic diversity, acaricide resistance status and evolutionary potential of a Rhipicephalus microplus population from a disease-controlled cattle farming area in South Africa

Multiplex PCR for molecular screening of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato, <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. and <i>Babesia</i> spp.

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