Importance of soil texture to the fate of pathogens introduced by irrigation with treated wastewater

Obayomi, Olabiyi; Bernstein, Nirit; Edelstein, M.; Vonshak, Avigad; Ghazayarn, Lusine; Ben‐Hur, M.; Tebbe, Christoph C.; Gillor, Osnat

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.378

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Apart from the raw WW, samples (initial volumes in the Supporting Information, section C1) were concentrated to 200 mL by ultrafiltration using sterile dialysis filters with an average pore size of 3.3 nm and an active surface area of 2.2 m 2 (Fresenius, Bud Hamburg, Germany) , and a peristaltic pump with new cleaned tubing that was replaced every time. A similar method was previously described by Obayomi et al . After concentration, the accumulated particles in the filter were eluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process

et al. 2021

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Municipal sewage carries degraded and intact viral particles and RNA (ribonucleic acid) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2), shed by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients, to sewage and eventually to wastewater treatment plants. Proper wastewater treatment can prevent uncontrolled discharges of the virus into the environment. However, the role of different wastewater treatment stages in reducing viral RNA concentrations is, thus far, unknown. Here, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw sewage and during the main stages of the activated sludge process from two wastewater treatment plants in Israel, on three different days during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak. To reduce the detection limit, samples were concentrated prior to quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction by a factor of 2–43 using ultrafiltration. On average, ∼1 log RNA removal was attained by each of the primary and secondary treatment steps; however, >100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA/mL remained in the secondary effluents. Following chlorination, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected only once, likely due to an insufficient chlorine dose. Our results emphasize the capabilities and limitations of the conventional wastewater treatment process in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration and present preliminary evidence for the importance of tertiary treatment and chlorination in reducing dissemination of the virus to the environment.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process

et al. 2021

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“…A similar method was previously described in Obayomi et al, 2019. 36 After concentrating, the accumulated particles in the filter were eluted with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). More details can be found in the SI (section A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the wastewater treatment process

Ali

Yaniv

Bar‐Zeev

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The municipal sewage carries the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), shed by COVID-19 patients, to wastewater treatment plants. Proper wastewater treatment can provide an important barrier for preventing uncontrolled discharged of the virus into the environment. However, the role of the different wastewater treatment stages in reducing virus concentrations was, thus far, unknown. In this work, we quantified SARS-CoV-RNA in the raw sewage and along the main stages of the wastewater process from two different plants in Israel during this COVID-19 outbreak. We found that ca. 2 Log removal could be attained after primary and secondary treatment. Despite this removal, significant concentrations of SARS-CoV-RNA (>100 copies per mL) could still be detected in the treated wastewater. However, after treatment by chlorination, SARS-CoV-RNA was detected only once, likely due to insufficient chlorine dose. Our results highlight the need to protect wastewater treatment plants operators, as well as populations living near areas of wastewater discharge, from the risk of infection. In addition, our results emphasize the capabilities and limitations of the conventional wastewater treatment process in reducing SARS-CoV-RNA concentration, and present preliminary evidence for the importance of tertiary treatment and chlorination in reducing SARA-CoV-2 dissemination.

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“…In prospect, policies should be taking into account soil spatial variability, and the effect of the different soil features. For example, the EU directive concerning the protection of waters against nitrate pollution from agricultural sources (Council Directive 91/676/EEC) actually does not consider soil features, but only the distance from aquifers, although many researchers have shown how different physical-hydrological soil characteristics can affect water purification function and contaminant reduction [61][62][63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Economic Land Evaluation at the Farm Scale Based on Soil Physical-Hydrological Features and Ecosystem Services

Priori¹,

Barbetti

Meini

et al. 2019

Water

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The economic evaluation of a land parcel is mainly based on the local economy, as well as on the topography, distance to the main streets, distance to the river, and presence of irrigation. Spatial variability of soil features and functionalities are often left behind during economic land evaluation, probably due to a scarce awareness of soil function's economic value. The paper shows an approach for economic land evaluation of irrigated croplands in the Po River plain (Northern Italy), based on spatial variability of soil functions, namely biomass production and carbon sequestration, as well as taking into account the river flood risk. The soil spatial variability was mapped using proximal sensing technology and few calibration points (one every 5 hectares). Biomass production of the main crops of the area, namely maize, soybean, and sorghum, was monitored and mapped for three years (2016, 2017, and 2018) using precision agriculture technologies. The results showed that the available water capacity (AWC) reached the highest correlation with biomass production, additionally, soil texture and cation exchange capacity were significantly correlated. Economic evaluation of the land parcels was computed considering the mean land market value of the area, the site-specific deviations due to the spatial variability of the biomass production by capitalization rate, and carbon sequestration soil functions, applying a natural capital approach by the mean annual value of the carbon market. This site-specific methodology could be applied to many other arable lands. 2 of 21 maps (land use, topography, alluvial and morphological risks, etc.). Rossiter [2] distinguished several land evaluation units, among which there are:

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Importance of soil texture to the fate of pathogens introduced by irrigation with treated wastewater

Cited by 28 publications

References 77 publications

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the wastewater treatment process

Towards Economic Land Evaluation at the Farm Scale Based on Soil Physical-Hydrological Features and Ecosystem Services

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