Importance of Smoking for <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Seropositivity

Karvonen, Marjatta; Tuomilehto, J; Pitkäniemi, Janne; Naukkarinen, Arvo; Saikku, Pekka

doi:10.1093/ije/23.6.1315

Cited by 100 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…5,10 In our study, C. pneumoniae-specific immune complexes and both IgG and IgA antibodies were associated with female lung cancer. A previous study of male Finnish smokers 5 indicated that chronic C. pneumoniae infection was associated with subsequent diagnosis of squamous cell and small cell carcinomas but not with adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…It is not easy to understand the possible chain of associations between C. pneumoniae infection and smoking, 10 between smoking and lung cancer and between C. pneumoniae infection and lung cancer 5 in females. However, the possible etiologic role of C. pneumoniae infection in female lung cancer, also among nonsmoking women, warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the risk of female early‐onset lung cancer

Anttila

Koskela²,

Leinonen³

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the risk of female early‐onset lung cancer

Anttila

Koskela²,

Leinonen³

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Current [19,20] and exsmokers [20] have more seropositivity and higher titres of C. pneumoniae antibodies than non-smokers. It has been suggested that the associations between smoking and chronic cardiopulmonary disease may be mediated by the promotion of C. pneumoniae infection [19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Association ofChlamydia pneumoniaeIgA antibodies with recently symptomatic asthma

Hahn

Anttila²,

Saikku

1996

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYTo determine whether recently diagnosed adult-onset asthma is associated with serologic evidence of chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, we performed a case-control study in a primary care clinic of cases with asthma (25 adults reporting first symptoms of asthma within 2 years of enrollment) and 45 concurrently enrolled sex and age (± 10 years) matched nonasthmatic controls with normal pulmonary function. C. pneumoniae-specific IgA, IgG and IgG4 antibodies, and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured by microimmunofluorescence testing. Results showed that frequencies of IgG titres > 16 (92%), IgG4 titres > 16 (20%) and CIC > 4 (60%) in asthma patients were not significantly different from those of controls. However, asthmatics had a significantly higher prevalence of C. pneumoniae-specific IgA titres > 10 (72 % of cases vs 44 % of controls, P < 0 05). After adjustment for the effects of age, sex and smoking, the odds ratio for an association of IgA and asthma was 3-7 (95 % confidence interval 1 2-11 5). We conclude that recently symptomatic reversible airway obstruction in adults is associated with the presence of C. pneumoniae-specific IgA antibodies, a proposed indicator of chronic respiratory C. pneumoniae infection.

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“…Because of the limited number of male pairs, current and ex-smokers were analysed together. We consider this unlikely to cause any disturbing effect on the results, because it has been shown previously in a large population study that the relative risk for C. pneumoniae seropositivity (a high seropositive status) was similarly increased for currently (p = 0.03) and formerly (p = 0.01) smoking men as compared to non-smokers [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immune responses to Chlamydia pneumoniae in twins in relation to gender and smoking

Hertzen

Surcel

Kaprio

et al. 1998

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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This study investigated whether gender or smoking has an impact on immune responses to Chlumydiapneumoniue in generally healthy adults. A total of 129 twins (46 twin pairs and 37 single twins) from the Finnish %in Cohort who had previously reported the highest discordance for smoking with their co-twins participated. C. pneumoniue-specific serum IgA and IgG antibody levels were measured by the micro-immunofluorescence test (micro-IF) at admission and 3 months later if the IgA level in the first sample was elevated. Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to C. pneumoniae and control antigens from heparinised blood samples were assessed by the lymphoproliferation (LP) assay. When all the subjects were pooled and analysed by gender and smoking status, marked differences in the humoral immune response between the genders were observed, irrespective of smoking status. When twin pairs solely were analysed, significantly elevated IgA antibody levels suggestive of persistent infection were found among the currently or formerly smoking men compared to their non-smoking co-twins. The CMI response showed a reciprocal trend with respect to humoral immunity. In conclusion, specific antibody levels were found to be higher in men than in women irrespective of smoking status, although smoking may further enhance the humoral response and depress the CMI response in men.

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Importance of Smoking for Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

Abstract: The results provide evidence of an association between smoking and C. pneumoniae seropositivity in the general population. The higher prevalence of smoking in men does not explain the C. pneumoniae antibody prevalence in men compared with women.

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the risk of female early‐onset lung cancer

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the risk of female early‐onset lung cancer

Association ofChlamydia pneumoniaeIgA antibodies with recently symptomatic asthma

Immune responses to Chlamydia pneumoniae in twins in relation to gender and smoking

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