Sewage
sludge is one of the major environmental reservoirs of antibiotic
resistance genes (ARGs), while its recycling releases abundant ARGs
into the agricultural soils. Sludge conditioning treatment, as an
indispensable step to improve sludge dewatering, can enhance the dewaterability
of sewage sludge and meanwhile attenuate ARGs in sludge compost, but
it remains unclear how sludge conditioning treatments impact the ARG
profiles in different agricultural soils amended with sludge composts.
In the present study, the fates of 18 ARGs and 2 mobile genetic elements
(MGEs) in two types of agricultural soils (i.e., red soil and yellow–brown
soil) were investigated for 170 days, after the land application of
sludge composts derived from different conditioning treatments, including
bioleaching and chemical conditioning using Fe[III]/CaO or polyacrylamide
(PAM). The results showed that the absolute abundance of total ARGs
and MGEs was the lowest in both the red soil and the yellow–brown
soil amended with bioleached sludge compost (Day 170), which were
only 26.4–76.8% of that in the corresponding soils amended
with the compost products of raw, PAM-conditioned, or Fe[III]/CaO-conditioned
sludge. Besides, in comparison with other conditioning treatments,
the bioleaching conditioning treatment more greatly limited the enrichment
of typical sludge-borne ARGs (sul2, aadA1, aadA2-01, aadA2-02, and aadA2-03) and their potential hosts. It was found that the
much less enrichment of sludge-borne ARGs achieved by bioleaching
conditioning most probably resulted from both the low abundance of
ARGs in bioleached sludge compost and the limited growth of bacteria
carrying ARGs in the amended agricultural soils. Therefore, bioleaching
conditioning is superior to the chemical conditioning using Fe[III]/CaO
or PAM in mitigating antibiotic resistance in different agricultural
soils amended with sludge composts, which was contributed by the preremoval
of ARGs in sludge compost and the potentially limited growth of bacteria
carrying ARGs after the land application of sludge compost.