Importance of shallow-water biotopes of a Caribbean bay for juvenile coral reef fishes: patterns in biotope association, community structure and spatial distribution

Abstract

Fish community structure of a non-estuarine inland bay on the Caribbean island of Curaçao was determined in the mangroves, seagrass beds, algal beds, channel, fossil reef boulders, notches in fossil reef rock, and on the adjacent coral reef, using visual censuses in belt transects. Fish communities varied among biotopes, but some overlap was present. Fish density and species richness were highest at the boulders and on the coral reef, and extremely low on the algal beds, whereas the total number of individuals calculated for the entire bay was highest on the seagrass beds. Differences in fish densities between biotopes were related to differences in structural complexity and amount of shelter. Fishes in the bay largely consisted of 17 (mainly commercially important) reef fish species, which used the bay biotopes only as a nursery during the juvenile part of their life cycle. Small juveniles of these species were most often found in the mangroves, whereas at intermediate sizes some were found in the channel. Large individuals and adults were found on the reef, and densities of several of these species were higher on the reef near the bay than on reefs located farther down-current. Fishes which spent their entire life cycles in either the bay or on the coral reef were also found, and the latter group showed a strong decrease in abundance with increasing distance into the bay. The density distribution of individual fish species was not homogeneous within the bay. In the mangroves and seagrass beds, spatial distribution of fishes was correlated with distance to the mouth of the bay, water transparency, amount of shelter, and the structural complexity of the biotope. Juveniles of 3 reef species showed an increase in size on the seagrass beds with distance from the mouth into the bay, whereas 1 bay species showed a decrease in size with this distance.

Associações de peixes na região costeira de Itaipu, Niterói, RJ

“…As espécies que apresentaram maior conectividade com a enseada -conseqüentemente ocorrendo nas pescarias -geralmente habitam fundos de areia (Dactylopterus volitans) ou tem grande mobilidade (Diplodus argenteus, Orthopristis ruber), deslocando-se freqüentemente entre os recifes e outros habitats adjacentes (NAGELKERKEN et al, 2000;GRATWICKE et al, 2006).…”

“…Por exemplo, várias espécies da família Sciaenidae utilizam habitats estuarinos quando juvenis e áreas marinhas adjacentes quando adultas (CHAO & MUSICK, 1977;CHAO et al 1982). Espécies recifais geralmente apresentam uma intima conexão com habitats caracterizados por cobertura de algas e presença de gramíneas marinhas, localizados próximos aos recifes (NAGELKERKEN et al, 2000).…”

Movements of Marine Fish and Decapod Crustaceans: Process, Theory and Application

“…Acosta (1999) also examined the distribution of spiny lobster in the Caribbean Sea and concluded that a range of interlinked habitat types was necessary to meet the changing resource requirements that occurred throughout the complex life cycle. In fact, many fish and decapod crustaceans, shift through a 'critical chain' of habitat types whilst using heterogeneous inshore areas (Acosta and Butler, 1997;Nagelkerken et al, 2000b;Nagelkerken and van der Velde, 2002).…”

Linking habitat mosaics and connectivity in a coral reef seascape

“…These studies formed the basis for the nursery hypothesis (6-8), and subsequently, the economic valuation of coastal wetlands (13). The use of coastal wetlands as nursery habitats may, however, be facultative and spatially complex (16). Studies identifying mangroves and seagrass beds as nurseries have noted higher densities of juvenile fishes in those habitats relative to other habitats where juveniles could reside (16,17), and have documented size-frequency differences among habitats that are consistent with ontogenetic movements of juvenile fishes from mangrove nurseries to adult reef habitats (14,15).…”

“…The use of coastal wetlands as nursery habitats may, however, be facultative and spatially complex (16). Studies identifying mangroves and seagrass beds as nurseries have noted higher densities of juvenile fishes in those habitats relative to other habitats where juveniles could reside (16,17), and have documented size-frequency differences among habitats that are consistent with ontogenetic movements of juvenile fishes from mangrove nurseries to adult reef habitats (14,15). The conclusions of these studies rely, nonetheless, on the assumption that the increased density of juveniles in nursery habitats will result in increased recruitment into adult populations on coral reefs.…”