Importance of <scp>DNA</scp> and histone methylation in <i>in vitro</i> plant propagation for crop improvement: a review

Karim, Rezaul; Nuruzzaman, Mohammed; Khalid, Norzulaani; Harikrishna, Jennifer Ann

doi:10.1111/aab.12280

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Increasing knowledge of the induction of SE and of the development of somatic embryos will lead to the development of multiple biotechnological applications and new opportunities for the understanding of the fundamental aspects of SE. In particular, the alteration in the methylation or acetylation profile of DNA and/or histones by genome-editing techniques holds great promise to increase the production and to improve the quality of crops of agronomical importance (Karim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Overview of Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

et al. 2019

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a means by which plants can regenerate bipolar structures from a somatic cell. During the process of cell differentiation, the explant responds to endogenous stimuli, which trigger the induction of a signaling response and, consequently, modify the gene program of the cell. SE is probably the most studied plant regeneration model, but to date it is the least understood due to the unclear mechanisms that occur at a cellular level. In this review, the authors seek to emphasize the importance of signaling on plant SE, highlighting the interactions between the different plant growth regulators (PGR), mainly auxins, cytokinins (CKs), ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA), during the induction of SE. The role of signaling is examined from the start of cell differentiation through the early steps on the embryogenic pathway, as well as its relation to a plant’s tolerance of different types of stress. Furthermore, the role of genes encoded to transcription factors (TFs) during the embryogenic process such as the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC), WUSCHEL (WUS), BABY BOOM (BBM) and CLAVATA (CLV) genes, Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), APETALA 2 (AP2) and epigenetic factors is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Overview of Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

et al. 2019

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“…All these modifications have also been observed during in vitro culture establishment, being the major source of somaclonal variation between cultures . It is therefore not surprising that cell lines subcultured over long periods of time in optimal conditions can adapt their physiology to long‐term cultivation in in vitro conditions, similar to the response of complete plants to environmental changes.…”

Section: Yield Loss During Long‐term In Vitro Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported variable patterns in genomic methylation among genetically identical individual plants kept under different stress conditions. Interestingly, these specific patterns, known as epigenetic alleles or epialleles, can remain stable for several generations by inheritance .…”

Section: Yield Loss During Long‐term In Vitro Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epigenetic modifications contribute to the regulation of gene expression during plant development in response to environmental stresses and to the silencing of transposons, transgenes, or viral sequences. Although epigenetic modifications have been related to in vitro cultures somaclonal variations, the specific mechanisms involved are still unknown . The involvement of the genes MET1, CMT3, and DRM2 has been demonstrated in several in vitro processes, their expression correlating with the methylation levels of the samples studied .…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic methylation in plant cell cultures: A barrier to the development of commercial long‐term biofactories

Sanchez-Muñoz

Moyano

Khojasteh

et al. 2019

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Plant cell biofactories offer great advantages for the production of plant compounds of interest, although certain limitations still need to be overcome before their maximum potential is reached. One obstacle is the gradual loss of secondary metabolite production during in vitro culture maintenance, which is an important impediment in the development of large‐scale production systems. The relationship between in vitro maintenance and epigenetic changes has been demonstrated in several plant species; in particular, methylation levels have been found to increase in in vitro cultures over time. Higher DNA methylation levels have been correlated with a low yield of secondary metabolites in in vitro plant cell cultures. The longer the period of subculturing, the more methylated cytosines were found throughout the genome, and secondary metabolism decreased significantly. This review summarizes different studies on epigenetic changes during the maintenance of in vitro cell cultures and the insights they provide on the mechanisms involved. It concludes by looking at the perspectives for new approaches designed to avoid declines in metabolite production.

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“…Methylation states in the DNA, resulting from in vitro cultures, are often related to the control of SE and the regeneration process through the modulation of gene expression [ 19 , 23 ]. By changing the methylation profile, it is possible to alter gene expression, and this can be applied to produce a large number of high-quality plants or to improve the agronomic characteristics leading to the improvement of a crop [ 24 ]. By understanding how methylation alterations influence the acquisition of the developmental cell fate during in vitro cultures, we would be able to develop new strategies to enhance the embryogenic capability and totipotency in recalcitrant plant species and genotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Azacytidine: A Promoter of Epigenetic Changes in the Quest to Improve Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

Osorio-Montalvo

Sáenz

De‐la‐Peña

2018

IJMS

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a widely studied process due to its biotechnological potential to generate large quantities of plants in short time frames and from different sources of explants. The success of SE depends on many factors, such as the nature of the explant, the microenvironment generated by in vitro culture conditions, and the regulation of gene expression, among others. Epigenetics has recently been identified as an important factor influencing SE outcome. DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms due to its essential role in gene expression, and its participation in SE is crucial. DNA methylation levels can be modified through the use of drugs such as 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, which has been used during SE protocols. The balance between hypomethylation and hypermethylation seems to be the key to SE success. Here, we discuss the most prominent recent research on the role of 5-AzaC in the regulation of DNA methylation, highlighting its importance during the SE process. Also, the molecular implications that this inhibitor might have for the increase or decrease in the embryogenic potential of various explants are reviewed.

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Importance of DNA and histone methylation in in vitro plant propagation for crop improvement: a review

Cited by 27 publications

References 125 publications

Signaling Overview of Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

Signaling Overview of Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

Genomic methylation in plant cell cultures: A barrier to the development of commercial long‐term biofactories

5-Azacytidine: A Promoter of Epigenetic Changes in the Quest to Improve Plant Somatic Embryogenesis

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