Importance of Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Silva, Sara; Almeida, António J.; Vale, Nuno

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13040508

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Improving the adverse pharmacokinetics of levodopa is a constant challenge [15][16][17], with several alternatives widely used. Further positive effects are expected from the introduction of the new peripheral catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor (COMT-i) opicapone [18] and the reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor (MAO-Bi) and glutamate modulator safinamide [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: Observations and Dilemmas after 10 Years of Real-Life Experience

et al. 2022

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Advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) cannot be treated efficiently using the classical medications however, in recent decades invasive therapeutical methods were implemented and confirmed as effective. One of these methods makes it possible to continue the levodopa (LD) supplementation as a gel administered directly into the upper intestine. However, there are a number of unanswered questions regarding this method. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed a 10-year period of selected patients that were treated with levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG). We included all APD patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia at presentation. LCIG treatment was started in 150 patients: on average these patients received LD for 10.6 ± 4.4 years with a frequency of 5.2 ± 1.0/day until the introduction of LCIG. The estimated and the real LCIG dose differed significantly (mean: 1309 ± 321 mg vs. 1877 ± 769 mg). The mean duration of LCIG administration was 19.8 ± 3.6 h, but in a number of 62 patients we had to administer it for 24 h, to maximize the therapeutic benefit. A carefully and individually adjusted LCIG treatment improves the quality of life of APD patients, but questions remain unresolved even after treating a large number of patients. It is important to share the ideas and observations based on the real-life experience related to the optimal timing, the appropriate dose and duration of administration of the LCIG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: Observations and Dilemmas after 10 Years of Real-Life Experience

et al. 2022

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“…However, these also come with some noted side effects. [ 94 ]. Notably, LNPs are not employed in these formulations.…”

Section: Lnps and The Blood–brain Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Nanoparticles: Promising Treatment Approach for Parkinson’s Disease

Jagaran

Singh

2022

IJMS

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Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a life-altering, debilitating disease exhibiting a severe physical, psychological, and financial burden on patients. Globally, approximately 7–10 million people are afflicted with this disease, with the number of cases estimated to increase to 12.9 million by 2040. PD is a progressive movement disorder with nonmotor symptoms, including insomnia, depression, anxiety, and anosmia. While current therapeutics are available to PD patients, this treatment remains palliative, necessitating alternative treatment approaches. A major hurdle in treating PD is the protective nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and its ability to limit access to foreign molecules, including therapeutics. Drugs utilized presently are nonspecific and administered at dosages that result in numerous adverse side effects. Nanomedicine has emerged as a potential strategy for treating many diseases. From the array of nanomaterials available, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) possess various advantages, including enhanced permeability to the brain via passive diffusion and specific and nonspecific transporters. Their bioavailability, nontoxic nature, ability to be conjugated to drugs, and targeting moieties catapult LNPs as a promising therapeutic nanocarriers for PD. While PD-related studies are limited, their potential as therapeutics is evident in their formulations as vaccines. This review is aimed at examining the roles and properties of LNPs that make them efficient therapeutic nanodelivery vehicles for the treatment of PD, including therapeutic advances made to date.

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“…[18] Recently, Silva et al discussed nanoparticle-based drug delivery for PD, however the information for diagnosis and therapy was limited. [19] In addition, Prediger et al only provided a brief overview of PD therapy, but did not offer sufficient information about PD imaging or drug delivery. [20] Recently, the PD imaging technologies, such as MRI, PET, NIR fluorescence imaging, and multimodal imaging, have developed rapidly, which have rarely been reviewed in previous publications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…discussed nanoparticle‐based drug delivery for PD, however the information for diagnosis and therapy was limited. [ 19 ] In addition, Prediger et al. only provided a brief overview of PD therapy, but did not offer sufficient information about PD imaging or drug delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson's Disease: Current Status, Diagnosis, and Treatment Using Nanomedicines

Hasan

Roy

Chang

2023

Advanced Therapeutics

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, and highly neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological processes. The features for neuropathological identification of PD include α‐synuclein (α‐syn) protein aggregates, oxidative stress, metal ion dyshomeostasis, neurotransmitter deficiencies, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, no definite treatment paradigm can completely cure PD patients, which is increasing globally over the past few decades. The existence of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) restricts the conventional treatment processes and makes the therapeutic delivery to the brain a bit more challenging. Therefore, developing new useful medicines for improving brain distribution is vital to overcome BBB and helping the early diagnosis and treatment of PD. In this review, the current limitations of conventional drugs are highlighted and the development of new medicines to overcome such limitations is covered. This work will provide insight into the direction for designing novel efficient nanomedicines for the early diagnosis and treatment of PD.

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Importance of Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Cited by 20 publications

References 152 publications

Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: Observations and Dilemmas after 10 Years of Real-Life Experience

Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: Observations and Dilemmas after 10 Years of Real-Life Experience

Lipid Nanoparticles: Promising Treatment Approach for Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's Disease: Current Status, Diagnosis, and Treatment Using Nanomedicines

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