Importance of microbial colonization of the gut in early life to the development of immunity

Kelly, Denise; King, T. P.; Aminov, Rustam

doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.03.011

Cited by 200 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…They can also secrete chemicals that allow communication between bacterial species, which can suppress pathogens by optimising the numbers of beneficial microbes (Neish, 2009). The intestinal microbiota provides other crucial functions for the host such as nutrient acquisition and energy regulation (Palmer et al, 2007), and influences processes such as predisposition to obesity, immune homeostasis, inflammation, repair and angiogenesis (Kelly et al, 2007).…”

Section: Microbial Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life in the Development of Colitis

Anderson¹,

Dalziel²,

Gopal³

et al. 2012

Colitis

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Section: Microbial Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life in the Development of Colitis

Anderson¹,

Dalziel²,

Gopal³

et al. 2012

Colitis

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“…caesarian or vaginal) and feeding type of the infant (breast or formula feeding), supplementary or follow-on diet, exposure to antibiotics, hygiene conditions, and frequency and nature of illnesses, particularly gastrointestinal infections [27]. Various reports have shown that the majority of the fecal microbial population of breast-fed infants consists of bifidobacteria, with minor fractions represented by Escherichia coli, Bacteroides species and clostridia (for a review see [50]. Previous molecular analyses of the GIT microbiota composition in healthy adults have demonstrated that most of the endogenous microorganisms are members of just two phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteroides [25,29,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate metabolism in Bifidobacteria

2011

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Members of the genus Bifidobacterium can be found as components of the gastrointestinal microbiota, and are believed to play an important role in maintaining and promoting human health by eliciting a number of beneficial properties. Bifidobacteria can utilize a diverse range of dietary carbohydrates that escape degradation in the upper parts of the intestine, many of which are plantderived oligo-and polysaccharides. The gene content of a bifidobacterial genome reflects this apparent metabolic adaptation to a complex carbohydrate-rich gastrointestinal tract environment as it encodes a large number of predicted carbohydrate-modifying enzymes. Different bifidobacterial strains may possess different carbohydrate utilizing abilities, as established by a number of studies reviewed here. Carbohydrate-degrading activities described for bifidobacteria and their relevance to the deliberate enhancement of number and/or activity of bifidobacteria in the gut are also discussed in this review.

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“…The microbial community comprises a critical part of GI functioning and plays a key role in host health and disease (Blaut and Clavel, 2007;Marchesi and Shanahan, 2007) through their roles in the development and maintenance of host physiology, immunology and also host nutrition (Cash et al, 2006;Kelly et al, 2007). It is now apparent from the application of culture-independent techniques, including 16S rRNA gene surveys and metagenomics, that the vast majority of bacterial species present are yet to be cultivated (Suau et al, 1999;Eckburg et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-eukaryotic diversity of the human distal gut microbiota: qualitative assessment using culture-dependent and -independent analysis of faeces

2008

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Molecular ecological surveys of the human gut microbiota to date have focused on the prokaryotic fraction of the community and have revealed a remarkable degree of bacterial diversity and functionality. However, there is a dearth of information on the eukaryotic composition of the microbiota, and no culture-independent sequence-based surveys of human faeces are available. Culture-independent analyses based on DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction targeting both the total eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed regions (ITS), together with culture-dependent analyses of fungi, were performed on a group of healthy volunteers. Temporal analysis was also included wherever possible. Collectively, the data presented in this study indicate that eukaryotic diversity of the human gut is low, largely temporally stable and predominated by different subtypes of Blastocystis. Specific analyses of the fungal populations indicate that a disparity exists between the cultivable fraction, which is dominated by Candida sp, and cultureindependent analysis, where sequences identical to members of the genera Gloeotinia/Paecilomyces and Galactomyces were most frequently retrieved from both fungal ITS profiles and subsequent clone libraries. Collectively, these results highlight the presence of unprecedented intestinal eukaryotic inhabitants whose functional roles are as yet unknown in healthy individuals. Furthermore, differences between results obtained from traditionally employed culture-based methods and those obtained from culture-independent techniques highlight similar anomalies to that encountered when first analysing the bacterial diversity of the human faecal microbiota using culture-independent surveys.

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Importance of microbial colonization of the gut in early life to the development of immunity

Cited by 200 publications

References 107 publications

The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life in the Development of Colitis

The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life in the Development of Colitis

Carbohydrate metabolism in Bifidobacteria

Micro-eukaryotic diversity of the human distal gut microbiota: qualitative assessment using culture-dependent and -independent analysis of faeces

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