Importance of LPS structure on protein interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Differential Lipopolysaccharide Core Capping Leads to Quantitative and Correlated Modifications of Mechanical and Structural Properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

“…Likewise, Abu-Lail and coworkers (2) observed that bacterial adhesion to silica is significantly higher for P. aeruginosa strain AK1401, a mutant that lacks B-band O antigen, than for P. aeruginosa PAO1, while adhesion to organics is stronger in the wild-type strain. In separate studies, however, this research group observed that adhesion to silicon was stronger for strain PAO1 than for strain AK1401 (8), while adhesion to serum albumin was three times higher in the mutant (9). These conflicting results in comparing the adhesive strengths of wild-type and LPS variant strains might have been caused by the use of sample preparation techniques and testing environments that have not been standardized in the different studies (28).…”

Statistical Analysis of Long- and Short-Range Forces Involved in Bacterial Adhesion to Substratum Surfaces as Measured Using Atomic Force Microscopy

“…This supports the general interpretation that the short-range single-bond force (f SR ) derived from Poisson analysis is due to AB forces, while LW and EDL forces contribute to the longrange force (F LR ), which is in line with most surface thermodynamic analyses of bacterial adhesion and with extended DLVO analyses (7, 9, 23, 28, 30). Although the single-bond forces derived from Poisson analysis are widely interpreted as hydrogen bonds (5,8,26,27), the typical rupture forces of a hydrogen bond are reportedly about 0.01 nN (19,20), orders of magnitude smaller than the f SR values in Table 1. On the other hand, ligand-receptor bonds, e.g., the streptavidin-biotin interaction, are reported to be on the order of 0.1 nN (4,16,24,25), which is comparable to the f SR values in Table 1 and suggests that multiple hydrogen bonds are involved in one ligand-receptor bond.…”

“…Figure 1a shows an AFM force-distance curve for Staphylococcus epidermidis on glass with multiple peaks in the retraction curve. Considering each adhesion peak as an individual detachment event (2,5,8,10,26,27), each peak provides a specific adhesion force (F) according to equation 1, and the only variable for a given combination of bacterial strain and substratum is the number of short-range bonds (k). It should be noted that it is a tedious task to identify the minor peaks, since it is not clear a priori when a peak should be taken as an individual detachment event.…”

“…Bacterial adhesion to surfaces can be approached by biochemical methods, by which the molecular structures mediating adhesion are unraveled (5,18,22,31), or by physicochemical methods. Surface thermodynamic analyses of bacterial cell and substratum surfaces using measured contact angles with liquids have not only indicated when thermodynamic conditions are favorable or unfavorable for adhesion (1,37) but can also be employed in combination with measured zeta potentials of the interacting surfaces to determine the nature of the adhesion forces that mediate initial adhesion, i.e., the interplay among long-range (Lifshitz-van der Waals [LW] and electrical double-layer [EDL]) and short-range (Lewis acid-base [AB]) interaction forces (35).…”

“…As an alternative, a statistical method, called Poisson analysis, was first applied by Han, Williams, and Beebe (19,43) to determine the magnitude of individual LW bonds between an AFM tip and a gold surface, as well as the strength of an individual AB bond between an AFM tip and a mica surface. Soon afterwards, Poisson analysis of AFM adhe-sion forces was used to determine the nature of the interaction forces between single molecules (25,34,41,42) and the nature of the forces mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces (2,5,8,10,26,27).…”