Importance of lake‐river interaction on seasonal patterns in the general circulation of Kamloops Lake, British Columbia

Carmack, Eddy C.; Gray, Colin B. J.; Pharo, C. H.; Daley, Ralph J.

doi:10.4319/lo.1979.24.4.0634

Cited by 102 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…After heavy precipitation, CR A increases to several hundreds to thousands of grams per meter, increasing the river water density and river intrusion depths. During winter, T A drops usually below the temperature of maximum density (T md = 4°C), causing cabbeling instability [Carmack et al, 1979;Shimaraev et al, 1993]. The cold river front mixes with warmer lake water, leading to temperatures close to T md resulting in density-driven intrusions into the deep water.…”

Section: Intrusion Depths Of Aare and Lü Tschinementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of upstream hydropower operation on riverine particle transport and turbidity in downstream lakes

Finger

Schmid

Wüest

2006

Water Resources Research

134

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[1] Retention in upstream storage dams results in modified riverine water and particle discharge patterns. Particularly, suspended solids input and intrusion dynamics in downstream lakes are affected by dam operations. In a case study, size-dependent particle budgets for peri-alpine Lake Brienz (Switzerland), downstream of major hydropower installations, were determined for a recent 8-year period (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)) and compared to hypothetical no-dam scenarios based on numerical simulations. For this purpose, current tributary particle loads, as well as lake-internal sedimentation and turbidity dynamics, were assessed with in situ measurements. The analysis shows that hydropower damming drastically diminishes particle fluxes and minimizes (short-term) peak discharges. Reductions of high-flow events substantially cut the number of deep intrusions increasing particle supply to the lake surface layer. Furthermore, these hydropower operations shift particle inputs from summer to winter. As a consequence, such peri-alpine lakes become more turbid during winter and less turbid during summer, influencing the seasonal light regime and subsequently the dynamics of phytoplankton growth.

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Section: Intrusion Depths Of Aare and Lü Tschinementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of upstream hydropower operation on riverine particle transport and turbidity in downstream lakes

Finger

Schmid

Wüest

2006

Water Resources Research

134

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“…The limnocorrals may have blocked nutrients diffusing from the epilimnetic or metalimnetic sediments (Fee 1979;Levine and Schindler 1992;MacIntyre et al 1999) and those from riverine inflows. In a lake, the temperature of the inflows will determine whether the nutrients are delivered to the epilimnion, metalimnion, or hypolimnion (Carmack et al 1979;Vincent et al 1991) and thus the impact on algal production in the different strata. Secondly, the enclosed limnocorrals would have stopped eddy diffusivity from potentially transporting nutrients upward from the hypolimnion, and they likely decreased diffusivity within the corrals (Bloesch et al 1988).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although we often perceive that nutrients enter primarily into the epilimnion, this is not always the case. If inflowing river water is cooler and thus denser than a lake's epilimnion, it will plunge and interflow into the metalimnion (Carmack et al 1979). If nutrients in the river water are thus diverted from the epilimnion and fed directly to the metalimnia, deep chlorophyll layers could develop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of epilimnetic versus metalimnetic fertilization on the phytoplankton and periphyton of a mountain lake with a deep chlorophyll maxima

Wurtsbaugh¹,

Gross²,

Budy³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Nutrients can load directly to either the epilimnion or metalimnion of lakes via either differential inflow depths of tributaries or intentional fertilization of discrete strata. We evaluated the differential effects of epilimnetic versus metalimnetic nutrient loading using 17-m-deep mesocosms that extended into the deep chlorophyll layer of oligotrophic Pettit Lake in the Sawtooth Mountains of Idaho. Addition of nitrogen plus phosphorus stimulated primary production nearly identically (2.4-to 4-fold on different dates) in both treatments, with the production peaks occurring in the strata where nutrients were added. The metalimnetic fertilization, however, resulted in equal or greater stimulation of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biovolume than when nutrients were added directly to the epilimnion. Periphyton growth was stimulated 10-100 times more by epilimnetic fertilization than by metalimnetic fertilization and diverted nutrients from the planktonic autotrophs. These results suggest that the development of deep chlorophyll layers may be influenced by plunging river inflows that carry nutrients to the metalimnion and that metalimnetic lake fertilization may be useful as a tool for increasing lake productivity while reducing the impact on water quality.Résumé : Les nutriments peuvent s'insérer directement soit dans l'épilimnion, soit dans le métalimnion des lacs selon les différentes profondeurs d'arrivée des eaux des tributaires ou à la suite d'une fertilisation délibérée d'une strate particulière. Nous avons comparé les effets de l'entrée des nutriments dans l'épilimnion et dans le métalimnion à l'aide de mésocosmes de 17 m de profondeur qui atteignaient la couche profonde de chlorophylle dans le lac oligotrophe Pettit dans les monts Sawtooth en Idaho. L'addition d'azote et de phosphore stimulait la production primaire presque de la même façon dans les deux traitements (d'un facteur de 2,4 à 4 aux différentes dates) et le maximum de production se produisait dans la strate dans laquelle les nutriments avaient été ajoutés. La fertilisation du métalimnion stimulait autant sinon plus la chlorophylle a et le biovolume du phytoplancton qu'une addition des nutriments directement à l'épilimnion. La croissance du périphyton était activée de 10-100 fois plus par une fertilisation de l'épilimnion plutôt que du métalimnion et elle détournait les nutriments des autotrophes planctoniques. Ces résultats laissent croire que la formation des couches profondes de chlorophylle peut être influencée par l'influx en profondeur des eaux de rivière qui apportent des nutriments au métalimnion et que la fertilisation du métalimnion peut être un outil commode pour augmenter la productivité d'un lac, tout en minimisant l'impact sur la qualité de l'eau.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Wurtsbaugh et al. 2166

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“…Gill 1976;Mortimer 1974). Furthermore, the model is verified by comparison to horizontally averaged temperature profiles, although at most times of year horizontal temperature gradients are small (Carmack et al 1979).…”

Section: The Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…21, averaged over the year gives a net heat input to the lake of 2.6 x 1016 cal * yr-l. This is of the order of the lake's total heat budget (Carmack et al 1979). Since the lake is not heating up from year to year, the river must provide a net cooling of the same magnitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

1979

Limnology & Oceanography

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A dynamical model of river-lake interaction is used to quantitatively examine the physical behavior of the Kamloops Lake-Thompson River system in British Columbia. Analysis is based on the so-called filling-box method which predicts the thermal stratification of the lake relative to hydrological conditions; specifically the river's effect on thermocline formation and decay, convective overturn, heat exchange, and particle residence time are examined. The model can be used to simulate the effects of hypothetical developments in the watershed and to examine physical processes relevant to the release of pollutants upstream.It is increasingly evident that riverattention is focused on thermocline forlake interactions have an important but mation and decay, convective overturn, poorly understood environmental effect, and heat budget considerations. There especially in lakes and reservoirs with have been many studies of lake thermal short residence times. For example, in structure (e.g. Dake and Harleman 1969; the Kamloops Lake-Thompson River sys- Huber et al. 1972; Sundaram and Rehm tern in British Columbia (Carmack et al. 1979;St. John et al. 1976) seasonal vari-1973; Rahman and Marcotte 1974; Tuckations in river discharge and temperature er and Green 1977). Our model, however, not only predicts thermal structure, but dominated the lake's circulation, stratification, and mixing characteristics and the also-albeit in a simplified sense-ineludes the dynamical effects of heat adseasonal progress of algal growth in both the lake and downstream river was largevection, together with a separate consideration of river plume dynamics. Special ly determined by physical and chemical emphasis is placed on convective proconditions related to river inflow. These cesses caused by the nonsynchronous conclusions were based solely on inspection of field data, and no attempt was passage of lake and river temperatures through the temperature of maximum made to examine, on a seasonal basis, the density. We also introduce the notion of quantitative effects of river inflow on particle residence time: the time it takes water column structure. a unit volume of river water to exit the Here we develop a simple, dynamical lake at any given time of year. model of river-lake interaction. Particular Our analysis is based on the filling-box 201

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Importance of lake‐river interaction on seasonal patterns in the general circulation of Kamloops Lake, British Columbia

Cited by 102 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of upstream hydropower operation on riverine particle transport and turbidity in downstream lakes

Effects of upstream hydropower operation on riverine particle transport and turbidity in downstream lakes

Effects of epilimnetic versus metalimnetic fertilization on the phytoplankton and periphyton of a mountain lake with a deep chlorophyll maxima

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