Importance of identifying<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>as a causative agent of human tuberculosis: Fig. 1—

Allix‐Béguec, Caroline; Fauville-Dufaux, Maryse; Stoffels, Karolien; Ommeslag, Dirk; Walravens, Karl; Saegerman, Claude; Supply, Philip

doi:10.1183/09031936.00137309

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…A few cases of possible symptomatic primary M. bovis infection have been described in the literature (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Our case is unusual because the strain does not contain a copy of IS6110.…”

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“…Identification was also confirmed by GenoType MTBC (Hain). Drug susceptibility testing showed susceptibility to rifampin, ethambutol (EMB), and isoniazid but resistance to pyrazinamide with the specific C169G M. bovis mutation in the pncA gene (3). Spoligotyping revealed the octal code 616600000017600 and the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) pattern 225322332353454243332512.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Failure of PCR-Based IS 6110 Analysis To Detect Vertebral Spondylodiscitis Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

et al. 2013

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c Mycobacterium bovis is responsible for a zoonosis originating in cattle. We report a case of a man with vertebral spondylodiscitis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Diagnosis was complicated because of the lack of IS6110. These strains are rare, but microbiologists should be aware of their existence. CASE REPORT In May 2009, a 72-year-old man born in Belgium was seen in the orthopedic department because of back pain with right-sided radiation for a few weeks. This back pain progressively decreased his ability to perform daily activities. He had no pulmonary or cardiac complaints. He had already received antibiotics (first amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and then ciprofloxacin and oxacillin) from his general practitioner for a presumptive diagnosis of bacterial discitis.His previous medical history was unremarkable. The patient was a diplomat and ambassador and had lived on almost every continent. His career started in Kinshasa in 1965 and ended in Canberra in 2002. He actively competed in running competitions. Relevant history included a 7-year stay in Asia, including Pakistan, Malaysia, and Thailand, and he returned 10 years prior to hospitalization. The patient had consumed dairy products and unpasteurized milk in Asia and also had close contact with wild boars.During his hospitalization, a magnetic resonance imaging study was performed and showed the presence of spondylodiscitis involving the D9 and D10 vertebral bodies and a beginning paravertebral abscess. Biological testing showed a white blood cell count of 7,130/mm 3 , a C-reactive protein level of 3.90 mg/dl, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 17 mm/h.Culture of a biopsy specimen of the involved disc was negative. Blood cultures were taken but remained negative. Mycobacterial culture was not performed. The patient was treated with 1 g intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid four times a day and 1 g intravenous vancomycin twice daily. The patient was discharged with 875 mg oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid three times a day.A few weeks later, the patient was rehospitalized for follow-up nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. This showed spondylodiscitis of D8, D9, and D10 and a progression of the paravertebral abscess (Fig. 1A). At that time, a tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed and was positive, with an induration of 30 by 40 mm. Taking the diagnosis to be a Pott's abscess, another biopsy of the involved region was performed and an antituberculosis drug regimen consisting of 300 mg rifampin (RIF) twice daily, 300 mg isoniazid (INH) once daily, and 500 mg pyrazinamide (PZA) three times a day was initiated.A Ziehl-Neelsen stain of the biopsy specimen was positive for acid-fast bacilli; however, PCR testing for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on IS6110 was negative. Subsequently, 500 mg clarithromycin twice daily was added to the triple therapy because atypical mycobacteria were not able to be excluded at that time.After 5 weeks, acid-fast bacilli were grown on Lowenstein-Jensen medium (37°C). PCR for the M. tuberculosis complex base...

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Failure of PCR-Based IS 6110 Analysis To Detect Vertebral Spondylodiscitis Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

et al. 2013

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“…These three mycobacteria species are AFB and indistinguishable by smear microscopy which is the WHO diagnostic tool available in most of the disease endemic countries including Nigeria. The need to employ molecular typing tool to distinguish between members of MTBC cannot be over emphasized because some species may be associated with serious diseases in humans [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Genotype MTBDRplus Assay in Three Local Government Primary Health Centres of Osun State, Nigeria- a Pilot Study

Kehinde¹

2015

J Med Microb Diagn

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Study background: Tuberculosis including multi-drug resistant form is not adequately diagnosed in spite of the fact that it constitutes a major public health challenge. This study was carried out to obtain data on laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at the three local government areas in Osun state, Nigeria.Methods: Six month pilot study was carried out at Iwo, Irewole and Ede North LGAs, all located in Osun state, Nigeria. Socio-demographic and clinical information of the subjects were obtained using a pre-tested questionnaire. Sputum samples were collected from symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis patients, stained with Zeihl-Neelsen (Z-N) reagents and cultured on egg-based Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The medium was incubated at 37°C for eight weeks. Acid Fast Bacilli was confirmed by repeat Z-N staining. Drug resistance testing of the isolates was done using Genotype MTBDRplus. Serum was screened for HIV test using recombinant ELISA. Those that were screened positive were retested using Capillus HIV 1 and 2.Results: Of the 75 subjects studied, seven (9.3%) were over 60 years while the majority, 45 (76.0%) were aged 21-60 years. Thirty-four (45.3%) had their sputum positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) while 24 (32.0%) were culture positive. Among the 24 isolates, 6 were identified to be non tuberculos mycobacteria (NTM) by molecular methods. The HIV prevalence rate was observed to be 18.6% among all the study participants. Six out of 34 AFB positive persons (17.6%) were also positive for HIV specific antibody, while eight (19.5%) of the AFB negative persons were positive for HIV. There is no significant difference in the incidence of TB between the HIV infected and uninfected groups (p>0.05).Among the 18 mycobacterial isolates (excluding NTM), one strain (5.5%) was found to be resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid (Multi-Drug Resistant-MDR) while three were resistant to isoniazid alone.. Conclusion:This pilot study reveals the existence of MDR-TB and warrants well designed studies to ascertain the magnitude of the problem.

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“…As a result, the global frequency and distribution of each MTC member remain largely unknown, with some studies suggesting that TB caused by members of the MTC other than M. tuberculosis are more prevalent than previously reported (1,26). M. africanum, for example, has been identified as the causative agent of up to 50% of human TB infections in West African countries (15), and M. canettii was responsible for ϳ10% of TB cases in a recent study performed in the Republic of Djibouti (17).…”

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confidence: 92%

Seek TB, a Two-Stage Multiplex Real-Time-PCR-Based Method for Differentiation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

et al. 2012

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f Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). The accurate identification of the MTC member causing human infection is important because the treatment of TB caused by some MTC members requires an alteration of the standard drug regimen, it can inform whether transmission is human to human or zoonotic, and it enables accurate epidemiology studies that help improve TB control. In this study, an internally controlled two-stage multiplex real-time PCR-based method, SeekTB, was developed for the accurate identification of all members of the MTC. The method was tested against a panel of well-characterized bacterial strains (n ‫؍‬ 180) and determined to be 100% specific for members of the MTC. Additionally, 125 Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT)-positive cultures were blindly tested by using SeekTB, and the results were compared to those of the GenoType MTBC and TBc ID tests. The SeekTB and GenoType MTBC results were 100% concordant, identifying 84 of these isolates as M. tuberculosis isolates and 41 as non-MTC isolates. Nine discordant results between the molecular methods and the TBc ID culture confirmation test were observed; however, nucleotide sequencing confirmed the results obtained with GenoType MTBC and SeekTB. SeekTB is the first-described internally controlled multiplex real-time PCR diagnostic method for the accurate identification of all eight members of the MTC. This method, designed for use on cultured patient samples, is specific, sensitive, and rapid, with a turnaround time to results of approximately 1.5 to 3.5 h, depending on which, if any, member of the MTC is present.T uberculosis (TB) remains a major health concern in both developed and developing countries due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. In 2010, there were an estimated 8.5 to 9.2 million incident cases of TB globally, with an associated 1.5 million deaths, 23% of which were associated with HIV coinfection (28).The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) comprises eight members (M. tuberculosis, M. canettii, M. africanum, M. bovis, M. caprae, M. microti, M. pinnipedii, and the attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine strain), ϳ99% similar on a nucleotide sequence level, that are responsible for causing TB in humans (5).While M. tuberculosis is responsible for the majority of cases of human TB, the accurate identification of other MTC members that cause infection is not routinely performed (21). As a result, the global frequency and distribution of each MTC member remain largely unknown, with some studies suggesting that TB caused by members of the MTC other than M. tuberculosis are more prevalent than previously reported (1, 26). M. africanum, for example, has been identified as the causative agent of up to 50% of human TB infections in West African countries (15), and M. canettii was responsible for ϳ10% of TB cases in a recent study performed in the Republic of Djibouti (17). Furthermore, M. bovis remains an important cause of zoonotic TB worldwi...

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Importance of identifyingMycobacterium bovisas a causative agent of human tuberculosis: Fig. 1—

Cited by 48 publications

References 19 publications

Failure of PCR-Based IS 6110 Analysis To Detect Vertebral Spondylodiscitis Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

Failure of PCR-Based IS 6110 Analysis To Detect Vertebral Spondylodiscitis Caused by Mycobacterium bovis

Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Genotype MTBDRplus Assay in Three Local Government Primary Health Centres of Osun State, Nigeria- a Pilot Study

Seek TB, a Two-Stage Multiplex Real-Time-PCR-Based Method for Differentiation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

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