Importance of fighting in the immune effects of social defeat

Merlot, Elodie; Moze, Elisabeth; Dantzer, Robert; Neveu, Pierre J.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.08.005

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This effect was not generalized to all cytokines, since IFN-Á production was not affected. In a qualitative point of view, these results were similar to what was previously observed in non-infected mice [17,23] and confirm the enhancing influence of SDR on IL-6 production [14,15]. However, enhancement in IL-6 release seemed to be of a smaller extent 8 days after the stress than 1 day after, as reported previously [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…SDR reduces the sensitivity of spleen cells to corticosterone in Balb/c mice [23]. When assessed 1 day after the end of SDR sessions, this effect can be easily detected by measuring IL-6 production in supernatants of spleen cells cultured with increasing doses of corticosterone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the immune consequences of SDR are suspected to be more pronounced in injured animals, an arbitrary index for fur condition was used to evaluate the severity of injuries as previously described [23]. The fur score was assessed daily from day 12 to day 18.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Alterations Induced by Social Defeat Do Not Alter the Course of an On-Going BCG Infection in Mice

Merlot

Moze

Dantzer

et al. 2004

Neuroimmunomodulation

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The timing for applying stressor and primary immunization is known to influence the nature of the immune alterations induced by stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of a stress occurring several days after the beginning of a primary infection on the host resistance. For this purpose, we investigated the effects of repeated social defeat on the immune response of mice infected with BCG 11 days before. In vitro production of cytokines in response to LPS or tuberculin, and the sensitivity of spleen cells to corticosterone were assessed 8 days after the end of the stress. Bacterial growth was assessed in the spleen. We demonstrated that social defeat in BCG-infected mice induced a long-term increase in IL-6 and IL-10 production in response to LPS but did not modify the sensitivity of spleen cells to corticosterone. Stress did not affect the specific response to BCG, as shown by the production of cytokines in tuberculin-stimulated cultures. Accordingly, social defeat was unable to influence the mycobacterial growth in vivo. These results support the hypothesis postulating that stress does not affect antigen-specific response when it is applied after priming.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Alterations Induced by Social Defeat Do Not Alter the Course of an On-Going BCG Infection in Mice

Merlot

Moze

Dantzer

et al. 2004

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…These stress-induced effects are not inconsequential; high stress reactivity has been linked to increased susceptibility to infection and immune dysfunction (Black, 2002;Padgett and Glaser, 2003;Glaser and Kiecolt-Glaser, 1998;Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2002;Rohleder et al, 2001;Cohen and Hamrick, 2003). Some of these effects can be modeled on the laboratory, and as we and others have shown, social defeat activates the core stress responses and can have deleterious immunological effects on defeated mice (Devoino et al, 2003;Merlot et al, 2003;Padgett et al, 1998;Sheridan et al, 2000), including increased proinflammatory cytokine production, splenomegaly, trafficking of lymphocytes to the spleen, and insensitivity to the antiproliferative effects of glucocorticoids in LPS-stimulated splenocytes (Avitsur et al, 2003;Bailey et al, 2006;Engler et al, 2005;Stark et al, 2001). Although slight differences occurred between C57BL/6 mice and CD-1 mice, the present data indicate that the development of anxiety-like behavior can be added to the list of consequences mediated by social disruption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated social defeat causes increased anxiety-like behavior and alters splenocyte function in C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice

Kinsey

Bailey

Sheridan

et al. 2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

167

133

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The experimental model, social disruption (SDR), is a model of social stress in which mice are repeatedly attacked and defeated in their home cage by an aggressive conspecific. In terms of the impact of this stressor on the immune response, SDR has been reported to cause hyperinflammation and glucocorticoid insensitivity. To this point however, the behavioral consequences of SDR have not been thoroughly characterized. Because social defeat has been reported to cause anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors, the current study was designed to assess whether SDR also causes anxietyand depressive-like behaviors. Using the light/dark preference test and the open field test as tools to measure behaviors characteristic of anxiety, the data showed that C57BL/6 and CD-1 male mice subjected to SDR displayed increased anxiety-like behavior. The increase in anxiety-like behaviors persisted for at least one week after the cessation of the stressor. In contrast, depressive-like behaviors were not elicited by SDR as assessed by the forced swim test or the tail suspension test. These data indicate that social disruption stress causes an increase in anxiety-like behaviors, but not depressivelike behaviors.

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“…Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to establish chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) in male mice as a clinically relevant chronic psycho-social stressor measuring relevant behavioral and physiological markers (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and to investigate the influence of exposure to 19 d of CSC on established histological parameters of the colon (28,29) (experiment 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adrenal Insufficiency and Colonic Inflammation after a Novel Chronic Psycho-Social Stress Paradigm in Mice: Implications and Mechanisms

et al. 2007

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We investigated chronic psycho-social stress effects on stress-related parameters and on pathohistological changes in the murine colon. Moreover, we aimed to reveal the involvement of adrenal glucocorticoids in chronic stress effects. Chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC, 19 d) resulted in reduced body weight gain, thymus atrophy, adrenal hypertrophy, increased plasma norepinephrine, and increased anxiety. With respect to the time course of CSC effects, CRH mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, light phase corticosterone and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in colonic tissue were found to be increased, whereas tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the locus coeruleus was found to be decreased on d 2 of CSC; these parameters returned to control levels thereafter. Nevertheless, after 19 d of CSC exposure, the adrenal corticosterone responses in vivo and in vitro, and glucocorticoid sensitivity of isolated splenic cells were found to be decreased. Importantly, in CSC mice a significant histological damage of the colon was found beginning on d 14 of CSC exposure. Additionally, pro- and antiinflammatory cytokine secretion by mesenteric lymph node cells was increased after CSC exposure. Adrenalectomy before CSC at least partially prevented these chronic stress effects as reflected by less increase in proinflammatory cytokine secretion and an equal histological damage score in adrenalectomized compared with sham-operated CSC mice. In conclusion, chronic exposure to CSC alters relevant neuronal, neuroendocrine and immune functions that could be directly or indirectly involved in the damage of the histological integrity of the colon comparable with that seen during the development of colitis.

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Importance of fighting in the immune effects of social defeat

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

Immune Alterations Induced by Social Defeat Do Not Alter the Course of an On-Going BCG Infection in Mice

Immune Alterations Induced by Social Defeat Do Not Alter the Course of an On-Going BCG Infection in Mice

Repeated social defeat causes increased anxiety-like behavior and alters splenocyte function in C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice

Adrenal Insufficiency and Colonic Inflammation after a Novel Chronic Psycho-Social Stress Paradigm in Mice: Implications and Mechanisms

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