Importance of direct anthropogenic emissions of formic acid measured by a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) during the Winter ClearfLo Campaign in London, January 2012

Bannan, Thomas J.; Bacak, Asan; Muller, Jennifer; Booth, A.; Jones, Benjamin; Breton, Michael Le; Leather, Kimberley E.; Ghalaieny, Mohamed; Xiao, Peng; Shallcross, Dudley E.; Percival, Carl J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.029

Cited by 43 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…A simple comparison of loss rates (Table S2) suggests that removal by organic acids (RCOOH) will become significant for CIs at acid levels of around 1 ppb (Table S2). Such levels have been observed in forest environments, [12] in urban outflow, [13] and also in urban environments, [14] where a direct emission source from vehicles has been inferred.…”

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confidence: 96%

Rate Coefficients of C1 and C2 Criegee Intermediate Reactions with Formic and Acetic Acid Near the Collision Limit: Direct Kinetics Measurements and Atmospheric Implications

et al. 2014

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Rate coefficients are directly determined for the reactions of the Criegee intermediates (CI) CH 2 OO and CH 3 CHOO with the two simplest carboxylic acids, formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), employing two complementary techniques: multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry and cavity-enhanced broadband ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The measured rate coefficients are in excess of 1 10 À10 cm 3 s À1 , several orders of magnitude larger than those suggested from many previous alkene ozonolysis experiments and assumed in atmospheric modeling studies. These results suggest that the reaction with carboxylic acids is a substantially more important loss process for CIs than is presently assumed. Implementing these rate coefficients in global atmospheric models shows that reactions between CI and organic acids make a substantial contribution to removal of these acids in terrestrial equatorial areas and in other regions where high CI concentrations occur such as high northern latitudes, and implies that sources of acids in these areas are larger than previously recognized.

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confidence: 96%

Rate Coefficients of C1 and C2 Criegee Intermediate Reactions with Formic and Acetic Acid Near the Collision Limit: Direct Kinetics Measurements and Atmospheric Implications

et al. 2014

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“…Concentrations of formaldehyde are typically highest near urban areas (Collett et al, 1999). Formaldehyde is mainly produced in the atmosphere via oxidation of hydrocarbons: in remote and marine atmospheres, methane oxidation is the main production pathway, with inputs also from isoprene, while non-methane hydrocarbon oxidation contributes a larger fraction of formaldehyde in areas close to urban emissions (Fortems-Cheiney et al, 2012 (Paulot et al, 2011;Stavrakou et al, 2011;Bannan et al, 2014). The lack of trend may be a result of complex sources and sinks of these volatile carboxylic acids.…”

Section: Contrast Of Fog Between 2015 and 1985/6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fogs and Air Quality on the Southern California Coast

Boris

Napolitano

Herckès³

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Fog acts as a reservoir and transport vector for chemicals in the atmosphere, altering the distribution of species between the gas and particle phases, and allowing deposition of nutrients and pollutants onto ecosystems and crops. Fog water and trace gas samples were collected from Casitas Pass along the Santa Barbara Channel in June 2015 to identify emissions sources and aqueous processes impacting Southern California air. Fog water composition was dominated by NH 4 + (volume weighted mean, VWM = 232 µM, range = 85-640 µM), with lesser contributions from NO 3 -(126 µM, 30.4-778 µM) and SO 4 2-(28.3 µM, 12.1-90.0 µM), pushing the VWM pH to 5.92 (5.34-6.67). Organic carbon contributed substantially to fog composition (8.27 mg C L -1 , 4.70-16.8 mg C L -1 ). Carboxylic acids, products of aqueous oxidation, were abundant (20.1% of carbon mass on average), with > 1% contributions by acetate, formate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, and lactate. Sulfur-and nitrogen-containing organic species were detected, often after 3-5 hours of fog, suggesting aqueous formation. Sampled air was advected over the coastline near oil extraction operations, urban and agricultural areas; regional oil and natural gas processing and mobile sources were the most influential organic emissions at Casitas Pass. Fog composition in 2015 was contrasted with that from a study in July-September 1985/6. Concentrations of major fog constituents appear to have decreased in response to successful air quality regulations. While natural species concentrations in fog were similar These results overall highlight changes in Southern California air quality issues, including improvement of some anthropogenic emissions and the current influence of organic emissions from industrial and mobile sources.

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“…The gas-phase inlet of UoM-CIMS consisted of 5 m 1/4 ID PFA tubing connected to a fast inlet pump with a total flow rate of 13 SLM from which the ToF-CIMS sub-sampled 2 SLM. CH 3 I gas mixtures in N 2 were made in the field using a custom-made manifold (Bannan et al, 2014). A total of 20 standard cubic centimeters per minute (SCCM) of the CH 3 I mixture was diluted in 4 SLM N 2 and ionized by flowing through a Tofwerk X-ray ionization source.…”

Section: Uom-cimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A range of other species were calibrated after the campaign, and relative calibration factors were derived using the measured formic acid sensitivity during these calibrations as has been performed previously Bannan et al, 2014Bannan et al, , 2015.…”

Section: Calibrations and Intercomparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TF-CIMS method gives a calibration factor 58 % greater than that of the N 2 O 5 synthesis method; therefore this is taken as our measurement uncertainty. This calibration was scaled to those in the field using formic acid calibrations carried out in the laboratory by overflowing the inlet with various known concentrations of gas mixtures (Bannan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Calibrations and Intercomparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of N2O5 and ClNO2 in summer in urban Beijing, China

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N 2 O 5 ) has a significant impact on both nocturnal particulate nitrate formation and photochemistry on the following day through the photolysis of nitryl chloride (ClNO 2 ), yet these processes in highly polluted urban areas remain poorly understood. Here we present measurements of gas-phase Further analysis indicates that the fast N 2 O 5 loss in the nocturnal boundary layer in urban Beijing is mainly attributed to its indirect loss via NO 3 , for example through the reactions with volatile organic compounds and NO, while the contribution of the heterogeneous uptake of N 2 O 5 is comparably small (7-33 %). High ClNO 2 yields ranging from 0.10 to 0.35 were also observed, which might have important implications for air quality by affecting nitrate and ozone formation.

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Importance of direct anthropogenic emissions of formic acid measured by a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) during the Winter ClearfLo Campaign in London, January 2012

Cited by 43 publications

References 41 publications

Rate Coefficients of C1 and C2 Criegee Intermediate Reactions with Formic and Acetic Acid Near the Collision Limit: Direct Kinetics Measurements and Atmospheric Implications

Rate Coefficients of C1 and C2 Criegee Intermediate Reactions with Formic and Acetic Acid Near the Collision Limit: Direct Kinetics Measurements and Atmospheric Implications

Fogs and Air Quality on the Southern California Coast

Production of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and ClNO<sub>2</sub> in summer in urban Beijing, China

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Importance of direct anthropogenic emissions of formic acid measured by a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) during the Winter ClearfLo Campaign in London, January 2012

Cited by 43 publications

References 41 publications

Rate Coefficients of C1 and C2 Criegee Intermediate Reactions with Formic and Acetic Acid Near the Collision Limit: Direct Kinetics Measurements and Atmospheric Implications

Rate Coefficients of C1 and C2 Criegee Intermediate Reactions with Formic and Acetic Acid Near the Collision Limit: Direct Kinetics Measurements and Atmospheric Implications

Fogs and Air Quality on the Southern California Coast

Production of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; and ClNO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in summer in urban Beijing, China

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Production of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and ClNO<sub>2</sub> in summer in urban Beijing, China