Abstract:Mapania belongs to Mapanioideae, a quite controversial subfamily in Cyperaceae due to the existence of unusual characters in both reproductive and vegetative organs. The genus is represented by seven species in Northern Brazil but taxonomic valuable information related to the leaf organs is still unknown. The present study aimed the anatomical description of the leaf organs (either basal leaves or cataphylls and involucral bracts) of three representative Brazilian species of Mapania. Samples of cataphylls, bas… Show more
“…Leaf samples were progressively dehydrated in an ethanol series (50%, 70%, 85%, 95%, and 100%) and infiltrated with warm paraffin; leaf transverse sections (8–12 μm) thickness were then cut using a rotary microtome (Leica RM2255, Germany). Lignified tissues were red‐stained using Safranin and non‐lignified cell walls were blue‐stained with Fast Green to Blue stain, leaf sections were then mounted in slides and sealed with neutral glue (Garcia, Potiguara, Kikuchi, Demarco, & Aguiar‐Dias, ; Ocheltree, Nippert, & Prasad, ; Silva, Alves, & Coan, ; Sobrado, ). The slides were observed and photographed under a light microscope (Leica DM2500, Germany).…”
Leaf anatomical traits may reflect plants adaption to environmental changes and influence ecosystem functions, as they regulate light absorption and gas exchange to some extent. Here, we hypothesized that leaf anatomical traits were closely related to gross primary productivity (GPP) because photosynthesis commonly occurs in the chloroplasts of palisade and spongy tissues in leaf.
Eight leaf anatomical traits were measured in 916 plant species inhabiting from tropical to cold‐temperate forests in eastern China: adaxial epidermis thickness (AD), abaxial epidermis thickness (AB), leaf thickness (LT), palisade tissue thickness (PT), and spongy tissue thickness (ST), palisade–spongy tissue ratio (PT/ST), palisade tissue–leaf thickness ratio (PT/LT), and spongy tissue–leaf thickness ratio (ST/LT).
Leaf anatomical traits showed significant latitudinal patterns at species, plant functional group (PFG), and community levels (p < .05), and they differed between PFG and community. Temperature and precipitation were the main factors influencing AD, AB, PT/ST, and PT/LT, explaining 33–72% of the total variation at large scale. Furthermore, AB, LT, PT/ST, and PT/LT were significantly correlated with the aridity index.
Our findings filled the data gap of plant anatomical traits at regional scales, and broadened current knowledge on the adaptation strategies of plant anatomical traits, which also provided new evidence for linkages of plant traits and functioning across natural communities.
A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.12934/suppinfo is available for this article.
“…Leaf samples were progressively dehydrated in an ethanol series (50%, 70%, 85%, 95%, and 100%) and infiltrated with warm paraffin; leaf transverse sections (8–12 μm) thickness were then cut using a rotary microtome (Leica RM2255, Germany). Lignified tissues were red‐stained using Safranin and non‐lignified cell walls were blue‐stained with Fast Green to Blue stain, leaf sections were then mounted in slides and sealed with neutral glue (Garcia, Potiguara, Kikuchi, Demarco, & Aguiar‐Dias, ; Ocheltree, Nippert, & Prasad, ; Silva, Alves, & Coan, ; Sobrado, ). The slides were observed and photographed under a light microscope (Leica DM2500, Germany).…”
Leaf anatomical traits may reflect plants adaption to environmental changes and influence ecosystem functions, as they regulate light absorption and gas exchange to some extent. Here, we hypothesized that leaf anatomical traits were closely related to gross primary productivity (GPP) because photosynthesis commonly occurs in the chloroplasts of palisade and spongy tissues in leaf.
Eight leaf anatomical traits were measured in 916 plant species inhabiting from tropical to cold‐temperate forests in eastern China: adaxial epidermis thickness (AD), abaxial epidermis thickness (AB), leaf thickness (LT), palisade tissue thickness (PT), and spongy tissue thickness (ST), palisade–spongy tissue ratio (PT/ST), palisade tissue–leaf thickness ratio (PT/LT), and spongy tissue–leaf thickness ratio (ST/LT).
Leaf anatomical traits showed significant latitudinal patterns at species, plant functional group (PFG), and community levels (p < .05), and they differed between PFG and community. Temperature and precipitation were the main factors influencing AD, AB, PT/ST, and PT/LT, explaining 33–72% of the total variation at large scale. Furthermore, AB, LT, PT/ST, and PT/LT were significantly correlated with the aridity index.
Our findings filled the data gap of plant anatomical traits at regional scales, and broadened current knowledge on the adaptation strategies of plant anatomical traits, which also provided new evidence for linkages of plant traits and functioning across natural communities.
A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.12934/suppinfo is available for this article.
“…For the Neotropical area, besides the taxonomic studies and new species described in Hypolytrum and Mapania, which is the only closely related genus that also occurs on the American continent (Koyama 1969(Koyama , 1970Simpson 1992Simpson , 1996Alves 2003;Alves et al 2002aAlves et al , 2002bAlves et al , 2004, important morphological evidence, evolutionary interpretations and information about diversity and geographical distribution have been published (Koyama 1966;Alves et al 2000Alves et al , 2002cAlves et al , 2003Alves et al , 2009Alves et al , 2014Coan et al 2008Coan et al , 2010Rodrigues & Estelita 2009;Silva et al 2014).…”
Abstract(Hypolytrum (Cyperaceae): taxonomic and nomenclatural notes, geographical distribution and conservation status of Neotropical species.) Hypolytrum (Mapanioideae) is a medium-size and Pantropical genus of Cyperaceae, closely related to Mapania, Principina, and Scirpodendron. In the Neotropics, it is found from southern Mexico to southern Brazil where it grows in the Atlantic and Amazon Forests and Cerrado vegetation. Most of the species are found in the humid and shady understory of forested habitats. Twenty-nine species are confirmed, nine of which are considered narrow-endemics and one is poorly known. Twelve species are classified under the conservation status of Critically Endangered or Vulnerable. A total of 130 types (holotypes, isotypes, lectotypes and isolectotypes) and 42 photos of types were checked and confirmed, and 22 synonyms were verified and accepted. Information about geographic distribution including new occurrences, habitat and diagnostic characters are also provided.
“…; Silva et al. ). This does not conform to the expectation, since leaf organs last longer—while scapes usually dry after seed dispersal—and are theoretically less conservative and more susceptible to environmental changes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Silva et al. () showed that, at the infrafamiliar level, the leaf and involucral bract anatomy has some importance in distinguishing M . sect.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, the translucent cells found in the mesophyll of the species, previously thought to be aquiferous parenchyma, were considered as aerenchyma precursors (Silva et al. ).…”
Cyperaceae are a cosmopolitan Monocot family comprising about 5,700 species divided into two subfamilies: Cyperoideae and Mapanioideae. Within Mapanioideae, Mapania is the largest genus, with about 90 species. Anatomical studies on Mapanioideae are of great importance but still scarce. Here, the anatomy of roots, rhizomes and scapes of five Amazonian species of Mapania is studied. The species have two types of roots, which differ anatomically: thick roots, serving mainly for fixing, and thin ones, mainly for nutrient absorption. Rhizomes show a uniform anatomical pattern, with amyloplasts and phenolic idioblasts in the cortex and in the vascular cylinder, without aerenchyma. In this organ, the collateral vascular bundles are similar to those found in Hypolytrum, a genus closely related to Mapania within Mapanioideae, suggesting that this feature may be diagnostic for the tribe Hypolytreae. The scape anatomy of the species is taxonomically important at species level but does not corroborate precisely the infrageneric classification of the genus. Finally, the aerenchyma found in roots and scapes is an adaptive character state for a humid forest environment. This work contributes valuable information for the anatomical characterization of vegetative organs of Mapania and discusses its taxonomic and ecological relevance.
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