2015
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000042
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Implicit theories about willpower predict the activation of a rest goal following self-control exertion.

Abstract: Past research indicates that peoples' implicit theories about the nature of willpower moderate the ego-depletion effect. Only people who believe or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource (limited-resource theory) showed lower self-control performance after an initial demanding task. As of yet, the underlying processes explaining this moderating effect by theories about willpower remain unknown. Here, we propose that the exertion of self-control activates the goal to preserve and replenish men… Show more

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Cited by 85 publications
(77 citation statements)
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References 48 publications
(83 reference statements)
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“…However, one can create conditions that will lead to mind‐wandering, which is how lab experiments in this field are often conducted (Baars, ). Whereas Job et al () argue that wandering can be considered a rest goal , we would suggest that this arises unintentionally as a nondeliberate process. There is also room to question whether there is indeed rest involved, given that the brain consumes similar amounts of oxygen whether looking in (i.e., DMN) or whether involved in external task orientation (M. E. Raichle et al, ).…”
contrasting
confidence: 67%
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“…However, one can create conditions that will lead to mind‐wandering, which is how lab experiments in this field are often conducted (Baars, ). Whereas Job et al () argue that wandering can be considered a rest goal , we would suggest that this arises unintentionally as a nondeliberate process. There is also room to question whether there is indeed rest involved, given that the brain consumes similar amounts of oxygen whether looking in (i.e., DMN) or whether involved in external task orientation (M. E. Raichle et al, ).…”
contrasting
confidence: 67%
“…The proposed framework responds to calls to explore the dynamics of mental events that develop over time (Christoff et al, ; Ottaviani, Shapiro, & Couyoumdjian, ; Smallwood & Schooler, ), hence between deliberate and nondeliberate (process and content) we positioned a double‐ended arrow. This is suggested to indicate fluidity between these categories and changes in the dynamics of motivations and attention in human experience (Inzlicht et al, ; Job et al, ).…”
Section: Some Negative and Positive Effects Associated With Mind‐wandmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Others suggest that prior exertion impacts people's motivation or willingness to exert self‐control, rather than their ability (Inzlicht, Schmeichel, & Macrae, ; Muraven, Shmueli, & Burkley, ). Still, others argue that the depletion effect occurs simply because people believe their self‐control is limited and exhaustible (Job, Bernecker, Miketta, & Friese, ; Job, Dweck, & Walton, ). So although the current evidence suggests that self‐control exertion produces a small but significant impairment on subsequent performance, more studies are needed to determine the robustness of this effect, its boundary conditions, and its underlying mechanisms.…”
Section: The Battle Between Temptation and Restraintmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Importantly, this link between self‐control exertion and lack of persistence has been established utilizing a wide range of tasks (e.g., unsolvable anagrams, figure tracing task, squeezing a handgrip, holding hand in cold water, and watching a boring video). Furthermore, self‐control exertion has been shown to increase a desire for rest‐conducive products (e.g., bed, hammock, and TV) and actual rest behavior, especially among people who believe their self‐control resources are limited (Job et al, ; Muraven et al, ).…”
Section: The Role Of Self‐control Across the Seven Temptation Domainsmentioning
confidence: 99%