Implicit Scaling in the Design of Experimental Aquatic Ecosystems

Petersen, James; Cornwell, Jeffrey C.; Kemp, W. Michael

doi:10.2307/3546786

Cited by 109 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Schulz et al (2008) suggest from ammonium measurements that there must have been significant remineralisation in the lower 1.5 m of the mesocosms, especially in the high CO 2 treatments fuelled by increased carbon export. The role of benthic organisms living on the walls of the mesocosm enclosures, which has been shown to impact biogeochemical cycling during mesocosm studies (Chen et al, 1997;Berg et al, 1999;Petersen et al, 1999), was not studied.…”

Section: Carbon Consumption and Nutrient Stoichiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine ecosystem community carbon and nutrient uptake stoichiometry under varying ocean acidification during the PeECE III experiment

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Changes to seawater inorganic carbon and nutrient concentrations in response to the deliberate CO 2 perturbation of natural plankton assemblages were studied during the 2005 Pelagic Ecosystem CO 2 Enrichment (PeECE III) experiment. Inverse analysis of the temporal inorganic carbon dioxide system and nutrient variations was used to determine the net community stoichiometric uptake characteristics of a natural pelagic ecosystem perturbed over a range of pCO 2 scenarios (350, 700 and 1050 µatm). Nutrient uptake showed no sensitivity to CO 2 treatment. There was enhanced carbon production relative to nutrient consumption in the higher CO 2 treatments which was positively correlated with the initial CO 2 concentration. There was no significant calcification response to changing CO 2 in Emiliania huxleyi by the peak of the bloom and all treatments exhibited low particulate inorganic carbon production (∼15 µmol kg −1 ). With insignificant air-sea CO 2 exchange across the treatments, the enhanced carbon uptake was due to increase organic carbon production. The inferred cumulative C:N:P stoichiometry of organic production increased with CO 2 treatment from 1:6.3:121 to 1:7.1:144 to 1:8.25:168 at the height of the bloom. This study discusses how ocean acidification may incur modification to the stoichiometry of pelagic production and have consequences for ocean biogeochemical cycling.

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Section: Carbon Consumption and Nutrient Stoichiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine ecosystem community carbon and nutrient uptake stoichiometry under varying ocean acidification during the PeECE III experiment

et al. 2008

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“…Free-water methods have considerable advantages over incubation approaches in either light and dark bottles or benthic chambers. Container effects including enclosure in bottles, sediment chambers, and various other devices can be significant, and comparison among container studies is difficult because many studies fail to report key details of the containers used (Petersen et al 1997;Petersen et al 1999). Additionally, container approaches suffer from problems of scale (Gerhart and Likens 1975;Chen et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing pelagic and benthic metabolism using free water measurements

Bogert

Carpenter

Cole

et al. 2007

Limnology & Ocean Methods

141

144

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Automated in situ sensors for measuring changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) at high frequency have facilitated estimates of gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) in aquatic systems. Lake researchers usually rely on a single sensor for these estimates, but such point measurements may miss important spatial heterogeneity in within-lake processes and may not accurately represent systemwide values of metabolism. Here we combine simultaneous measurements of metabolism using DO sensors along transects from the shore to the center of a lake with a spatial model to better understand the underlying heterogeneity in processes contributing to whole-lake epilimnetic metabolism. We use this model to achieve better estimates of epilimnetic GPP and R and to determine the relative contributions of benthic-littoral vs. pelagic processes to these estimates. We compared the spatially explicit process-based model to estimates of metabolism from both a single sensor at the lake's center and a spatially explicit averaging of multiple sensor sites. Estimates of both GPP and R varied on average 2.5-to 3.2-fold from site to site within the same lake, whereas variations were sometimes as high as 6-to 7-fold. Estimates of GPP and R near the perimeter of lakes were on average greater than measurements in the middle of the lake. Our model estimates that benthic-littoral processes accounted for ~40% of epilimnetic GPP and R. A single, centrally located sensor often misses a significant component of this benthic metabolism and accounts for only ~81% of lakewide GPP and R.

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“…However, the applicability of scaling up conclusions from experimental studies to natural ecosystems is questionable (Schindler 1998) and may depend on the size and duration of the experiment (Petersen et al 1999). Ideally, to truly understand the regulation of BP and PPr, survey and experimental approaches should be combined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutrients and physical lake characteristics on bacterial and phytoplankton production: A meta‐analysis

Faithfull

Bergström

Vrede

2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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We performed a meta-analysis comprising field (300 studies) and experimental data (249 studies) from a wide range of lake trophic states and locations. We examined the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (dissolved organic matter [DOM]), temperature, latitude, and lake morphometry on the absolute and relative rates of phytoplankton primary production (PPr) and secondary bacterial production (BP). Areal and volumetric rates of PPr, BP, and BP : PPr were compared, and we analyzed differences between experimental and natural systems. Both field studies and experimental results showed agreement with regard to N and P as predictors of volumetric PPr and BP, respectively, despite the large variation in study duration, size, and nutrient addition rates in experimental systems. This indicates that bacteria and phytoplankton do not seem to be competing for the same nutrients. Areal measurements were more difficult to predict and were more dependent on physical lake characteristics than nutrients. Temperature was positively correlated with PPr, but not with BP. BP : PPr was stable across experiments regardless of N, P, DOM, or glucose additions. In contrast, BP : PPr ratios varied greatly in the field data set and were highest in systems with low total N and at high latitudes. This pattern was driven by reduced PPr, not BP; therefore, experimenters may need to manipulate PPr to change BP : PPr. Collectively, our results indicate that increased temperatures and N availability will lead to higher PPr and lower BP : PPr, potentially decreasing the importance of energy mobilized through the microbial food web on a global scale.

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Implicit Scaling in the Design of Experimental Aquatic Ecosystems

Cited by 109 publications

References 64 publications

Marine ecosystem community carbon and nutrient uptake stoichiometry under varying ocean acidification during the PeECE III experiment

Marine ecosystem community carbon and nutrient uptake stoichiometry under varying ocean acidification during the PeECE III experiment

Assessing pelagic and benthic metabolism using free water measurements

Effects of nutrients and physical lake characteristics on bacterial and phytoplankton production: A meta‐analysis

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