Implicit Processing of Scene Context in Macular Degeneration

Boucart, Muriel; Moroni, Christine; Szaffarczyk, Sébastien; Tran, Thi Ha Chau

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-9680

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…People with AMD are reported to recognise isolated objects better than objects in scenes, coloured images better than achromatic images,61 recognise an object in a scene more easily when enhanced with a border62 and when placed on a related compared to an unrelated background 63. AMD has been shown to affect processing of high-spatial frequency scenes 64.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesTo review systematically the evidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affecting real-world visual ability and quality of life (QoL). To explore trends in specific topics within this body of the literature.DesignSystematic review.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsychARTICLES and Health and Psychosocial Instruments for articles published up to January 2015 for studies including people diagnosed with AMD, assessing real-world visual ability or QoL as an outcome. Two researchers screened studies for eligibility. Details of eligible studies including study design, characteristics of study population and outcomes measured were recorded in a data extraction table. All included studies underwent quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2011 Version (MMAT).ResultsFrom 5284 studies, 123 were eligible for inclusion. A range of approaches were identified, including performance-based methods, quantitative and qualitative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). AMD negatively affects tasks including mobility, face recognition, perception of scenes, computer use, meal preparation, shopping, cleaning, watching TV, reading, driving and, in some cases, self-care. There is evidence for higher rates of depression among people with AMD than among community dwelling elderly. A number of adaptation strategies have been associated with AMD of varying duration. Much of the research fails to report the type of AMD studied (59% of included studies) or the duration of disease in participants (74%). Of those that do report type studied, the breakdown is as follows: wet AMD 20%, dry AMD 4% and both types 17%.ConclusionsThere are many publications highlighting the negative effects of AMD in various domains of life. Future research should focus on delivering some of this research knowledge into patient management and clinical trials and differentiating between the types of AMD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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“…This memory-based knowledge could also be more effective for prototypical scenes including hazards with high (vs. medium) braking affordance. Previous research has shown how scene gist is acquired from information across the entire scene and not only at central vision (Boucart, Moroni, Szaffarczyk, & Tran, 2013;Boucart, Moroni, Thibaut, Szaffarczyk, & Greene, 2013;Boyce & Pollatsek, 1992;Larson, Freeman, Ringer, & Loschky, 2014;Larson & Loschky, 2009;Li, VanRullen, Koch, & Perona, 2002;Thorpe et al, 2001). However, whereas the present data can be explained without referring to gist processing (see above), the assessment of the role of gist in peripheral hazard perception clearly calls for dedicated empirical tests (involving gist previews along with moving window techniques) in future research, probably involving more controlled material such as panoramic scenes with or without hazards at a wide variety of eccentricities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of the corner of the driver's eye: Peripheral processing of hazards in static traffic scenes

Huestegge

Böckler

2016

Journal of Vision

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Effective gaze control in traffic, based on peripheral visual information, is important to avoid hazards. Whereas previous hazard perception research mainly focused on skill-component development (e.g., orientation and hazard processing), little is known about the role and dynamics of peripheral vision in hazard perception. We analyzed eye movement data from a study in which participants scanned static traffic scenes including medium-level versus dangerous hazards and focused on characteristics of fixations prior to entering the hazard region. We found that initial saccade amplitudes into the hazard region were substantially longer for dangerous (vs. medium-level) hazards, irrespective of participants' driving expertise. An analysis of the temporal dynamics of this hazard-level dependent saccade targeting distance effect revealed that peripheral hazard-level processing occurred around 200-400 ms during the course of the fixation prior to entering the hazard region. An additional psychophysical hazard detection experiment, in which hazard eccentricity was manipulated, revealed better detection for dangerous (vs. medium-level) hazards in both central and peripheral vision. Furthermore, we observed a significant perceptual decline from center to periphery for medium (but not for highly) dangerous hazards. Overall, the results suggest that hazard processing is remarkably effective in peripheral vision and utilized to guide the eyes toward potential hazards.

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“…scotoma (e.g., in macular degeneration), implicit processing of contextual information (the background) in peripheral vision facilitates central object categorization (Boucart, Moroni, Szaffarczyk, & Tran, 2013a). Previous studies of peripheral vision at very large eccentricities (beyond 508) have shown that normally sighted young observers are above chance at detecting animals in photographs of natural scenes at 758 eccentricity (Thorpe, Gegenfurtner, Fabre-Thorpe, & Bulthoff, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding faces, animals, and vehicles in far peripheral vision

et al. 2016

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Neuroimaging studies have shown that faces exhibit a central visual field bias, as compared to buildings and scenes. With a saccadic choice task, Crouzet, Kirchner, and Thorpe (2010) demonstrated a speed advantage for the detection of faces with stimuli located 8° from fixation. We used the same paradigm to examine whether the face advantage, relative to other categories (animals and vehicles), extends across the whole visual field (from 10° to 80° eccentricity) or whether it is limited to the central visual field. Pairs of photographs of natural scenes (a target and a distractor) were displayed simultaneously left and right of central fixation for 1s on a panoramic screen. Participants were asked to saccade to a target stimulus (faces, animals, or vehicles). The distractors were images corresponding to the two other categories. Eye movements were recorded with a head-mounted eye tracker. Only the first saccade was measured. Experiment 1 showed that (a) in terms of speed of categorization, faces maintain their advantage over animals and vehicles across the whole visual field, up to 80° and (b) even in crowded conditions (an object embedded in a scene), performance was above chance for the three categories of stimuli at 80° eccentricity. Experiment 2 showed that, when compared to another category with a high degree of within category structural similarity (cars), faces keep their advantage at all eccentricities. These results suggest that the bias for faces is not limited to the central visual field, at least in a categorization task.

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Implicit Processing of Scene Context in Macular Degeneration

Abstract: Our results suggest that when central vision is impaired (as in AMD), the contextual information captured by peripheral vision provides cues for object categorization.

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

Out of the corner of the driver's eye: Peripheral processing of hazards in static traffic scenes

Finding faces, animals, and vehicles in far peripheral vision

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