Implicit memory: Retention without remembering.

Roediger, Henry L.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.45.9.1043

Cited by 1,058 publications

(994 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In the distinction between explicit memory and implicit memory, for instance, control is exerted in explicit memory search to retrieve previously stored information (Roediger, 1990). In dual-process models of judgment and decision making, control is exerted to reason the correct answer from available information (e.g., Epstein, 1994;Ferreira et al, 2006;Kahneman, 2003;Sloman, 1996).…”

Section: Conceptualizations Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The self-regulation of automatic associations and behavioral impulses.

Sherman¹,

Gawronski²,

Gonsalkorale³

et al. 2008

Psychological Review

230

292

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The distinction between automatic processes and controlled processes is a central organizational theme across areas of psychology. However, this dichotomy conceals important differences among qualitatively different processes that independently contribute to ongoing behavior. The Quadruple process model is a multinomial model that provides quantitative estimates of 4 distinct processes in a single task: the likelihood that an automatic response tendency is activated; the likelihood that a contextually appropriate response can be determined; the likelihood that automatic response tendencies are overcome when necessary; and the likelihood that in the absence of other information, behavior is driven by a general response bias. The model integrates dual-process models from many domains of inquiry and offers a generalized, more nuanced framework of impulse regulation across these domains. The model offers insights into many central questions surrounding the operation and the interaction of automatic and controlled processes. Applications of the model to empirical and theoretical concerns in a variety of areas of psychology are discussed.

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Section: Conceptualizations Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The self-regulation of automatic associations and behavioral impulses.

Sherman¹,

Gawronski²,

Gonsalkorale³

et al. 2008

Psychological Review

230

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These memories become reflexive once associations are formed, operating largely outside of awareness (Roediger, 1990;Schacter, 1992). Conditioned learning (also called associative learning), a type of implicit learning, is based on the principals of classical conditioning (Pavlov, 1927).…”

Section: Acetylcholine and Conditioned Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Acetylcholine in Cocaine Addiction

Williams

Adinoff²

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

157

135

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Central nervous system cholinergic neurons arise from several discrete sources, project to multiple brain regions, and exert specific effects on reward, learning, and memory. These processes are critical for the development and persistence of addictive disorders. Although other neurotransmitters, including dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin, have been the primary focus of drug research to date, a growing preclinical literature reveals a critical role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the experience and progression of drug use. This review will present and integrate the findings regarding the role of ACh in drug dependence, with a primary focus on cocaine and the muscarinic ACh system. Mesostriatal ACh appears to mediate reinforcement through its effect on reward, satiation, and aversion, and chronic cocaine administration produces neuroadaptive changes in the striatum. ACh is further involved in the acquisition of conditional associations that underlie cocaine self-administration and context-dependent sensitization, the acquisition of associations in conditioned learning, and drug procurement through its effects on arousal and attention. Long-term cocaine use may induce neuronal alterations in the brain that affect the ACh system and impair executive function, possibly contributing to the disruptions in decision making that characterize this population. These primarily preclinical studies suggest that ACh exerts a myriad of effects on the addictive process and that persistent changes to the ACh system following chronic drug use may exacerbate the risk of relapse during recovery. Ultimately, ACh modulation may be a potential target for pharmacological treatment interventions in cocaine-addicted subjects. However, the complicated neurocircuitry of the cholinergic system, the multiple ACh receptor subtypes, the confluence of excitatory and inhibitory ACh inputs, and the unique properties of the striatal cholinergic interneurons suggest that a precise target of cholinergic manipulation will be required to impact substance use in the clinical population.

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“…This view assumes that reconfiguration operations require access to many different processes or modules. However, many researchers assume that implicit effects are localized within a single process or a single module (Ratcliff & McKoon, 1997;Roediger, 1990;Schacter, 1994). Second, there is no guarantee that the time course of implicit knowledge of cues and the relations between them would support Monsell and Mizon's predictions.…”

Section: Summary and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Still clever after all these years: Searching for the homunculus in explicitly cued task switching.

Logan¹,

Schneider²,

Bundesen³

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Many researchers interpret switch costs in the explicit task-cuing procedure as reflecting endogenous task-set reconfiguration. G. D. Logan and C. Bundesen (2003) challenged this interpretation empirically and theoretically. They argued that many experiments confounded cue encoding benefits with switch costs and they showed that unconfounded switch costs could be vanishingly small. They proposed a theory in which subjects use a single task set in the explicit task-cuing procedure and switch costs reflect cue encoding benefits, not reconfiguration. S. Monsell and G. A. Mizon (2006) responded to these challenges, describing conditions under which substantial switch costs could be observed in the explicit task-cuing procedure and providing a theoretical account of performance in which reconfiguration occurred in G. D. Logan and C. Bundesen's experiments. This article is a response to S. Monsell and G. A. Mizon's challenge that highlights empirical problems with their evidence and reports an experiment that challenges critical assumptions of their theoretical account.

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Implicit memory: Retention without remembering.

Cited by 1,058 publications

References 81 publications

The self-regulation of automatic associations and behavioral impulses.

The self-regulation of automatic associations and behavioral impulses.

The Role of Acetylcholine in Cocaine Addiction

Still clever after all these years: Searching for the homunculus in explicitly cued task switching.

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