Implicit impressions of creative people: Creativity evaluation in a stigmatized domain

Katz, Joshua H.; Mann, Thomas C.; Shen, Xi; Goncalo, Jack A.; Ferguson, Melissa J.

doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.104116

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Abstract Paintings. Unlike Hughes et al ( 2022), who used Chinese ideographs, we used a set of 80 abstract paintings created by Katz et al (2022) as targets on the AMP. In line with the logic of the AMP procedure, these images were evaluatively ambiguous (see Mann et al, 2019;Study 3A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On each trial of the AMP, two stimuli are presented in rapid succession, first a prime and then a target. The primes are the focal stimuli of interestthey could be anything from a face to a sports team logo to a social group label -, whereas the targets are evaluatively neutral stimuli, such as Chinese ideographs (for non-Chinese speakers; Payne et al, 2005), inkblots (Williams & Steele, 2017), or computer-generated abstract paintings (Katz et al, 2022). Participants are instructed to rate the pleasantness of the target stimuli while avoiding any biasing influence of the primes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Testing the automaticity features of the Affect Misattribution Procedure: The roles of awareness and intentionality

Kurdi¹,

Melnikoff²,

Hannay³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) is a measure of implicit evaluations, designed to index the automatic (unintentional) retrieval of evaluative knowledge. The AMP effect consists in participants evaluating neutral target stimuli more positively when preceded by positive primes and more negatively when preceded by negative primes. Hughes et al. (2022) questioned the automaticity of the AMP based on an awareness effect, i.e., the finding that AMP effects were larger when participants indicated that their response was influenced by the prime than when they did not. Here we present seven experiments (six preregistered; N = 2,350) investigating the nature of the awareness effect and, more broadly, the automaticity features of the AMP. In Experiments 1–4, the awareness effect was robust but highly variable as a function of procedural changes and stimulus valence. Critically, Experiments 5–7 provided evidence for an alternative explanation of the awareness effect, namely that awareness can be the outcome, rather than the cause, of evaluative congruency between primes and responses: Awareness effects emerged even under conditions that made it impossible for awareness to contribute to AMP effects, including when participants judged influence awareness for third parties or primes were presented post-hoc, following influence judgments. Finally, increasing evaluative strength of the primes increased participants’ tendency to misattribute AMP effects to the influence of target stimuli. Together, these findings support the construct validity of the AMP as a measure of implicit evaluations by suggesting that AMP effects are unintentional and can create awareness effects rather than vice versa.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the automaticity features of the Affect Misattribution Procedure: The roles of awareness and intentionality

Kurdi¹,

Melnikoff²,

Hannay³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Abstract Images. Instead of the Chinese ideographs used in Experiment 1, 80 computergenerated images were used as target stimuli on the AMP (Katz et al, 2020). Of these 80 images, each participant was presented with a randomly selected subset of 40 on the AMP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fragility of implicit evaluation updating: The role of cognitive and ecological constraints

Kurdi¹,

Mann²,

Axt³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Although implicit (automatic) evaluations can exhibit momentary malleability, demonstrations of long-term change are rare, especially in the negative-to-positive direction. In this project (total N = 2,150), we rely on ideas from fear leaning to ask why even interventions that produce short-term malleability immediately tend to be ineffective in creating durable change in implicit attitudes. In Experiment 1, we identified two interventions that were particularly effective in overturning negative implicit evaluations formed about a novel social target in the short term: reinterpretation and negation + replacement. In Experiments 2A and 2B, we confirmed the effectiveness of these two interventions in bringing about immediate reversals of experimentally induced negative implicit evaluations. In Experiment 3, the shifts in implicit evaluation achieved via reinterpretation and negation + replacement did not show any decrement over 2 days. However, when the target was repeatedly paired with mildly unpleasant images 2 days after reinterpretation or negation + replacement (reinstatement), implicit evaluations became markedly negative (Experiment 4) and considerably more negative than implicit evaluations of a control target that had never been subject to implicit negativity (Experiment 5). Taken together, these data suggest that negative-to-positive changes in implicit evaluation may not be vulnerable to the mere passage of time (spontaneous recovery). However, even interventions that seem to fully and durably overturn implicit negativity immediately can leave initially encoded negative information intact and allow for such information to be expressed later. We discuss implications for theories of implicit social cognition and the prospect of durable implicit attitude change.

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“…Although creativity is ostensibly valued, expressing creative ideas can draw criticism (Staw, 1995;Mueller, Melwani, & Goncalo, 2012). Thus, creativity requires the willingness to diverge from existing solutions in a novel direction, even if doing so might be socially controversial (Amabile, 1996;Goncalo & Staw, 2006;Mok & Morris, 2010;Shalley & Zhou, 2008;Shalley, Zhou, & Oldham, 2004;Katz, Mann, Shen, Goncalo, & Ferguson, 2022). Power is often defined as the control of valued resources over others (Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson, 2003;French & Raven, 1959) and feeling powerful has been found to liberate people from the influence of others (Galinsky et al, 2008).…”

Section: Effect Of Power On Creativity Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Low power warm-up effect: Understanding the effect of power on creativity over time

Kim¹,

Lucas²,

Goncalo³

2023

Preprint

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Prior research suggests that having power makes individuals more creative, because the powerful are more willing to break with convention. We investigate the possibility that lower power individuals can also be creative when given the opportunity to warm up by completing a creative task more than once. In Study 1 (N = 153), we divided a creative ideation session into two consecutive rounds and found that low (vs. high) power individuals were less creative in the first round (replicating prior research), but low power individuals improved in the second round, attenuating the low power disadvantage. We replicated this effect in Study 2 (N = 121; pre-registered), with a different creativity task (i.e., structured imagination task) and expanded timeframe (i.e., five rounds instead of two). In Study 3 (N = 179; pre-registered), we again replicated the warm-up effect using two different creativity tasks that allowed us to rule out an alternative explanation. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings for research on the dynamic effects of power on creativity and the practical implications for creativity, social equality, and education.

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Implicit impressions of creative people: Creativity evaluation in a stigmatized domain

Cited by 14 publications

References 108 publications

Testing the automaticity features of the Affect Misattribution Procedure: The roles of awareness and intentionality

Testing the automaticity features of the Affect Misattribution Procedure: The roles of awareness and intentionality

The fragility of implicit evaluation updating: The role of cognitive and ecological constraints

Low power warm-up effect: Understanding the effect of power on creativity over time

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