Implicit evaluations of faces depend on emotional expression and group membership

Paulus, Andrea; Wentura, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.04.004

Cited by 9 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Further, the coplayer photographs in the task primarily depicted Caucasian men and women. However, there is evidence that feedback provided by an outgroup member may be processed differently from feedback provided by an ingroup member (Paulus & Wentura, 2014, 2018), suggesting future studies might fruitfully examine first whether the RewP to acceptance or rejection feedback differs as a function of perceived racial, ethnic, or gender identity similarity of the coplayer to the participant. Additionally, it is an open question whether participants' perceived similarity to the source of peer feedback might affect brain‐behavior associations determining responding toward those coplayers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real‐time social interaction task

et al. 2020

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Strong social connections are important predictors of both mental and physical health. The ability to effectively process social feedback from other people and adjust behavior accordingly is a critical part of skillfully navigating the social landscape. However, relatively few studies have considered neural systems driving these behavioral adjustments. In this study, 254 participants engaged in a peer interaction game while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. In this game, participants repeatedly “interact” with a small set of virtual peers over a series of rounds, in which they provide feedback to their peers, and receive feedback from them in turn. A reward‐sensitive event‐related potential called the Reward Positivity (RewP) was extracted from the EEG following positive feedback from peers, and multilevel modeling was used to examine whether the RewP moderated associations between the feedback participants received during the task and their subsequent behavior. Participants were more likely to accept coplayers who had previously voted to accept them, and to like coplayers who had voted to accept them on the same round. A larger RewP was associated with a stronger tendency to modify behavior following feedback from peers, both in terms of voting behavior and expressions of liking. These data suggest that initial neural responsiveness to reward within 300 ms of positive social feedback may guide social behaviors. Thus, this line of research represents an important step toward a more complete understanding of the ways in which neural responses to feedback are involved in human social behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real‐time social interaction task

et al. 2020

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“…For the evaluative priming paradigm, we consider the initial results by Weisbuch and Ambady (2008) supporting the SMA as not replicable. This conclusion is based on the experiments of Craig et al (2014) and Paulus and Wentura (2018) . Interestingly, Kozlik and Fischer (2020) do not cite the recent evaluative priming results found by Craig et al (2014) as well as Paulus and Wentura (2018) , although they are more compatible with the PCA than with the SMA: They fit to the basic assumption of Kozlik and Fisher, namely the reasoning that two affectively connoted features of a face (i.e., emotion and group) are independently extracted and independently influence the target-related response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This conclusion is based on the experiments of Craig et al (2014) and Paulus and Wentura (2018) . Interestingly, Kozlik and Fischer (2020) do not cite the recent evaluative priming results found by Craig et al (2014) as well as Paulus and Wentura (2018) , although they are more compatible with the PCA than with the SMA: They fit to the basic assumption of Kozlik and Fisher, namely the reasoning that two affectively connoted features of a face (i.e., emotion and group) are independently extracted and independently influence the target-related response. This is exactly what was found in the priming paradigm, in which the priming effect showed an effect of group membership and emotional expression, but no interaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In sum, we can state that there are definitely contexts that do not reveal the processing of social messages: This holds especially for the evaluative priming results, if we consider the more recent results (i.e., Craig et al, 2014 ; Paulus and Wentura, 2018 ) as more robust than the initial findings by Weisbuch and Ambady (2008) . Other results are compatible with SMA or both accounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Social Message Account or Processing Conflict Account – Which Processes Trigger Approach/Avoidance Reaction to Emotional Expressions of In- and Out-Group Members?

Wentura

Paulus²

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Faces are characterized by the simultaneous presence of several evaluation-relevant features, for example, emotional expression and (prejudiced) ethnicity. The social message account (SMA) hypothesizes the immediate integration of emotion and ethnicity. According to SMA, happy in-group faces should be interpreted as benevolent, whereas happy out-group faces should be interpreted as potentially malevolent. By contrast, fearful in-group faces should be interpreted as signaling an unsafe environment, whereas fearful out-group faces should be interpreted as signaling inferiority. In contrast, the processing conflict account (PCA) assumes that each face conveys two rather independent evaluative features, emotion and ethnicity. Thus, stimuli might be either affectively congruent or incongruent, and thereby exert influences on behavior. The article reviews the evidence with regard to the two accounts before reporting an experiment that aims at disentangling them. In an approach/avoidance task (AAT), either happy/fearful faces of German and Turks were presented or happy/fearful faces of young and old persons. There are prejudices against Turk/Middle-eastern persons (in Germany) as well as against old persons. For SMA, the two prejudices are of different type; thus prediction for the AAT diverge for the two group conditions. In contrast, for PCA both group features (i.e., Turk ethnicity and old age) are negative features (in comparison to their counterparts) which are affectively congruent or incongruent to the emotional expression. Hence, the results pattern in the AAT should be comparable for the two group conditions. In accordance with SMA but in contrast to PCA, we found different patterns for the two group conditions.

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“…Limitations of the present study suggest avenues for future studies. For instance, our majority white sample likely does not fully represent real‐world social acceptance and rejection experiences of racial and ethnic minorities (Paulus & Wentura, 2014, 2018). Coupled with our relatively small sample size, we should therefore be careful in generalizing these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between peer stress in early adolescence and multiple event‐related potentials elicited during social feedback processing

Wong

Ethridge

Farrell‐Reeves

et al. 2022

Developmental Psychobiology

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Interpersonal stress in adolescence has been associated with alterations in neural responses to peer feedback, and increased vulnerability to psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether the associations of interpersonal problems with neural responses are global across event‐related potentials (ERPs) or might result in alterations only in specific ERPs. We examined associations between multiple informants of peer stress (self‐reported, parent‐reported, and peer‐reported) and multiple ERPs (N1, P2, RewP, and LPP) to social feedback in a sample of 46 early adolescents (aged 12–13 years). Reports of peer stress were only moderately correlated with one another, indicating different informants capture different aspects of peer stress. Regressions using informant reports to predict ERPs revealed greater parent‐reported peer stress was associated with a smaller RewP, whereas self‐reported stress was associated with a smaller P2, to acceptance. In contrast, greater peer‐reported stress was associated with larger P2, RewP, and LPP to acceptance. Findings suggest that different sources of stress measurement are differentially associated with ERPs. Future research using social feedback‐related ERPs should consider multiple sources of information as well as multiple ERP components across the time‐course of feedback processing, to gain a clearer understanding of the effects of peer stress on neural responses to feedback.

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Implicit evaluations of faces depend on emotional expression and group membership

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real‐time social interaction task

Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real‐time social interaction task

Social Message Account or Processing Conflict Account – Which Processes Trigger Approach/Avoidance Reaction to Emotional Expressions of In- and Out-Group Members?

Associations between peer stress in early adolescence and multiple event‐related potentials elicited during social feedback processing

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