“…Robotics has emerged as a promising tool to study animal behavior and animal invasions (Krause et al, 2011;Webb, 2000), providing robots that can function autonomously (Berlinger et al, 2021;Katzschmann et al, 2018), mimic selected characteristics of live fishes (Gravish and Lauder, 2018), infiltrate social groups (Faria et al, 2010;Le Maho et al, 2014), and interact with live animals in real time (Bonnet et al, 2019;Swain et al, 2011). These robots offer a unique opportunity for biologists to study the underpinnings of behavioral responses in animals with a precise, customizable, and consistent approach that cannot be emulated with traditional (Romano and Stefanini, 2021), mosquitofish (Polverino et al, 2019;Polverino and Porfiri, 2013a;b), zebrafish (Cianca et al, 2013;Ladu et al, 2015;Nair et al, 2017;Porfiri et al, 2019), golden shiners (Swain et al, 2011), and guppies (Romano et al, 2020).…”