Implicit bias reflects systemic racism

Payne, B. Keith; Hannay, Jason W.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.08.001

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Taken together, aggregates within individuals should reflect a different collection of influences (i.e., stable properties of individuals, stable properties of individuals' contexts, practice effects) than aggregates within regions (i.e., stable properties of regions), so they should not necessarily be expected to predict the same outcomes. Interestingly, Payne and Hannay (2021) come to the same conclusion as we do here about the conceptual distinction between individual and regional aggregates, but from a different rationale. To the extent that implicit bias is not a stable property of individuals, as they argue, then there should be little consistency in bias within individuals for aggregation to amplify, and aggregated repeated measures of individuals should not provide more predictive power than single measures.…”

Section: Bias?supporting

confidence: 70%

Regional intergroup bias

Calanchini

Hehman

Ebert

et al. 2022

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

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Section: Bias?supporting

confidence: 70%

Regional intergroup bias

Calanchini

Hehman

Ebert

et al. 2022

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

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“…Moreover, where on the continuous spectrum a participant’s Bias Scores fall, indicates preference strength: ±0.15 is “slight,” ±0.35 “moderate,” and ±0.65 “strong” (Hahn et al, 2014). Although it should be noted that some researchers believe the score represents systemic bias in one’s environment and not necessarily personal bias (Payne & Hannay, 2021). In terms of reliability, Lane et al (2007) considered a handful of studies that administered a race-based IAT more than once and found test–retest correlations fell between .32 and .65.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit racial bias across ethnoracial groups in Canada and the United States and Black mental health.

Gran-Ruaz¹,

Feliciano²,

Bartlett³

et al. 2022

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

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Black Canadians and Americans experience disparities in access to quality mental health care and mental health overall. Implicit biases are unconscious, automatically activated attitudes and stereotypes, with the potential to yield racist behaviors. To date, research has focused on health provider bias and resultant consequences in the decision-making/treatment of racialized groups. Little has been done to characterize implicit anti-Black biases within White and non-White members of the general population or examine the relationship between biases and Black people's mental wellness. Black-White Implicit Association Test (BW-IAT; n = 450,185) data were used to detect the presence of implicit biases within 10 ethnoracial groups and compare Bias Scores between Canada and the United States. Mean BW-IAT Bias Scores were also assessed against participant explicit biases using warmth ratings and the Modern Racism Scale (MRS). Finally, state-level BW-IAT scores were used to predict state-based Black American mental health-related mortality using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) data set. Findings indicated: (a) the most ethnoracial groups have anti-Black implicit biases; (b) Canadian and American implicit biases are near identical; (c) explicit and implicit Bias Scores are weakly related, and Canadian and American explicit biases are near identical; and (d) implicit bias predicts poor mental health outcomes for Black Americans, even when controlling for explicit bias and White outcomes. This work underscores the need to dismantle ideologies of White superiority and the resultant oppressive attitudes, stereotypes, and behaviors present in the general population. This work also calls for accessible, province-level, race-based mental health data on underserved groups. Public Significance StatementTo date, few researchers have explored the impact of implicit biases on the health of people of color outside of a medical setting. Fewer still have considered the relationship between implicit biases held by the general population, both White and non-White, and Black peoples' mental health. This study is among the first to focus on the measurable existence of implicit racial biases within ethnoracial groups toward Black persons in the United States and Canada, as well as the possible impacts of implicit biases on the mental health of Black people in America.

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“…Concerning the significance of evidence, both sides acknowledged evidence suggesting that indirect measures can measure population-level phenomena. For example, Payne and Hannay (2021) argue that indirect measures track the "systemic" prejudices that can emerge as people are to disproportionately positive or negative representations of people groups. Gawronski and colleagues refer to this capacity of indirect measures as "extremely important" (2022, p. 1), whereas Machery merely admits the possibility that indirect measures have this capacity to measure "aggregate level" and then asks why that is "useful for research purposes" (2022, p. 9).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for Implicit Bias: Values, Psychometrics, and Science Communication

Byrd¹,

Thompson²

2022

Preprint

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Our understanding of implicit bias and how to measure it has yet to be settled. Various debates between cognitive scientists are unresolved. Moreover, the public’s under-standing of implicit bias tests continues to lag behind cognitive scientists’. These discrepancies pose potential problems. After all, a great deal of implicit bias research has been publicly funded. Further, implicit bias tests continue to feature in discourse about public- and private-sector policies surrounding discrimination, inequality, and even the purpose of science. We aim to do our part by reconstructing some of the re-cent arguments in ordinary language and then revealing some of the operative norms or values that are often hidden beneath the surface of these arguments. This may help the public learn more about the science of implicit bias. It may also help both laypeople and scientists reflect on the values, interests, and stakeholders involved in establishing, justifying, and communicating scientific research.

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Implicit bias reflects systemic racism

Cited by 98 publications

References 66 publications

Regional intergroup bias

Regional intergroup bias

Implicit racial bias across ethnoracial groups in Canada and the United States and Black mental health.

Testing for Implicit Bias: Values, Psychometrics, and Science Communication

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