Implicit and Explicit Memory in Learning from Social Software: A Dual-Process Account

Tracing knowledge co-evolution in a realistic course setting: A wiki-based field experiment

“…This finding is also backed by a study of Ley et al (2011), who found preliminary evidence that incongruence of the information in the artifact and the knowledge of a participant leads to internal accommodation and assimilation, and that these processes can be detected by different knowledge measures. In their study, cognitive conflict was triggered by different exercises that matched or did not match what participants had encountered in the wiki, thereby triggering participants to assimilate or accommodate.…”

“…In line with preliminary findings by Ley et al (2011), we thus assume that concept maps allow a distinction between internal accommodation and assimilation.…”

“…Hence, the question arising at this point is how to trigger different types of externalization in a field setting. While under laboratory conditions different extent and modes of externalization were triggered by strictly controlling the information that was given to the participants (see e.g., Kimmerle et al, 2011;Ley et al, 2011;Moskaliuk et al, 2009Moskaliuk et al, , 2012, this is not possible in the field. To evoke different modes of externalization (accommodation and assimilation) we thus decided to use accommodation and assimilation prompts.…”

“…Specifically, to distinguish internal accommodation and assimilation, measures of internalization should also allow us to differentiate modifications in knowledge structures that resulted from the two modes of internalization. To measure the extent of internalization, and to distinguish modifications in knowledge structures that are due to accommodation and assimilation, in their experiment in the laboratory, Ley et al (2011) used concept maps (e.g., Novak, 1972Novak, , 1998Ruiz-Primo, 2000;Ruiz-Primo & Shavelson, 1996), and word association tests (e.g., Jonassen, Beissner, & Yacci, 1993;Meyer, 2007). These measurements are basically also applicable in settings where the prior knowledge of the participants as well as the information which they process during the experiment cannot be controlled.…”

“…The co-evolution model has been developed based on exploratory evidence from the online-encyclopedia Wikipedia (Cress & Kimmerle, 2008;Kimmerle, Moskaliuk, Bientzle, Thiel, & Cress, 2012), and has since provided the basis for a number of experiments under laboratory conditions (e.g., Kimmerle, Moskaliuk, & Cress, 2011;Ley, Schweiger, & Seitlinger, 2011;. However, to investigate the interplay of cognitive and social processes, a setting is needed that allows collaborative growth and development of knowledge to emerge naturally from a social, artifact-mediated interaction.…”