Implications of using fermentation plant extract formulations against pests and predator in rice plants

Abstract

Currently the use of plant extracts to reduce pest attacks is a concern. Mixed formulation of two plant extracts Calatropis gigantea and Crescentia cujete was applied in the filed rice to assess the effectiveness of these formulations in reducing insect pest populations and predatory (natural enemies). The results showed that the combination of C. gigantea and C. cujete in one formulation could reduce the population of the main pests of rice plants and did not affect the presence of natural enemies (predators). The field trials showed that mixing C. gigante and C. cujete in liquid formulation reduced pest population compared the farmer with treatment synthetic pesticide. Population decrease of scipophaga innotata with range 21-77 percent, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis 25-79 percent. The abundance of pests was very low when using the plant extract formulation, whilst the synthetic pesticide generally had a higher number of pests. Predator numbers were higher in plant extract formulation and low with synthetic insecticide by farmer application. Synthetic insecticides have a very large impact on predators while plant extract formulations have no impact because the predator population is still higher than application by synthetic. Plant extract formulation (mixed C. gigantean and C. cujete) is more effective in reducing population pests than synthetic pesticides. The plant growth parameters were better in the treatment of plant extracts formulation than the application by farmer. This research indicated that using plant extracts formulation effective to control pests can be as effective compared as synthetic insecticides by using of farmer.

Application of Various Concentrations of Mixed Extracts of Calotropis gigantea and Crescentia cujete Against Population and Attack Intensity of Leptocorisa acuta, Nephotettix virescens and Natural Enemy Populations of Rice Plants

“…Tannin compounds can affect insects in terms of oviposition, flavonoid compounds can inhibit the transport of leucine amino acids and are toxic to insects [22]. Previous research shown a synergistic impact between C. gigantea and C. cujete in preventing the growth of Scirpophaga innotata and Cnaphalocrosis medinalis [24]. Based on this research, a mixture of fermented C. gigantea and C. cujete was used to reduce pests and the effects it had on natural enemies, particularly rice plant predators.…”

Application of majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.) fruit extract to control armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775) infestation in Chinese mustard crops

“…Although renowned for its pharmacological properties, the potential of majapahit as an insecticide is still limited [8]. Previous research has documented deterrent, anti-feedant, and toxic activities of C. cujete against rice pests and livestock ticks [9,10]. This study aims to assess the efficacy of C. cujete fruit extract in mitigating S. litura infestation in crops, utilizing the Chinese mustard plant as a model.…”