“…Several researchers noted the need for metrics to evaluate SSCM across multi-tier supply chains (Carter et al, 2020;Koberg & Longoni, 2019;Sanchez-Flores et al, 2020). This review also noted the need for metrics to address social sustainability performance evaluation (Atik & Kovacevic, 2020), to measure, quantify and control ecological and social value generated (Birkel & Muller, 2020), and to assess sustainable value (Mendez-Leon et al, 2022). Without a doubt, measuring social sustainability is challenging and is still progressing.…”