Implications of seasonal control of PM2.5-bound PAHs: An integrated approach for source apportionment, source region identification and health risk assessment

An Integrated Workflow Assisted by In Silico Predictions To Expand the List of Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

“…The higher PAC abundance in the heating season primarily resulted from more intense coal combustion, as well as elevated emissions derived from vehicles and decreased diffusion due to low temperatures. 53,54 During the nonheating season, however, the enhanced volatilization of particulate PACs may decrease PAC concentrations owing to increasing temperatures and wet deposition by rainfall discharge. 53 A few species exhibited distinct distributions, such as naphthalene, dimethyldibenzothiophenes, and 9-nitrophenanthrene, which had significantly greater relative abundance in summer.…”

“…Priority PACs were primarily derived from coal combustion (50%) and vehicle emission (24%), which were prevalent during the heating and nonheating seasons, respectively (Figure S6). The use of fossil fuels (coal combustion and vehicle emission) was reported as the main contributor to the atmospheric PACs in Beijing, with combined contributions ranging from 55% to 83%. , Biomass combustion also contributed significant PAC emissions (21%), possibly due to the inefficient burning of wood and stalks from residential furnaces in the suburbs of Beijing and counties in neighboring provinces. , Emissions of PACs from petroleum were negligible (5%), including leakage and spillage of petroleum-related products during production, transport, and usage . Moreover, the mass contributions of each PAC from various sources obtained from the PMF model can be applied to calculate the impact of the sources on the total risk, thus informing a more effective risk management policy.…”

Chemical characterization and phytotoxicity assessment of peri-urban soils using seed germination and root elongation tests

“…This may result from the high irradiation rate (mean 15 MJ/m2, up to 25 MJ/m2 in July) in Barcelona (Servei Meteorolo` gic de Catalunya, 2003). It is well known that PAHs suffer degradation in the atmosphere by volatilization and/or photo-oxidation (Balducci et al, 2017;Chao et al 2019), especially for 2-and 3ring PAHs which possess the low molecular weight, high vapor pressure and high fugacity ratio (Mackay et al, 2000). In 1990, Park monitored that volatilization accounted for approximately 30 and 20% loss of naphthalene and 1methylnaphthalene, respectively; but for the remaining compounds, volatilization was negligible.…”

PM2.5 chemical composition and health risks by inhalation near a chemical complex

“…The toxicity, and consequently the health effects, of PM 2.5 is highly dependent on its chemical composition ( Park et al, 2018 ). So far, most of the works carried out in urban and industrial areas were mainly focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), due to their known carcinogenicity (e.g., Alves et al, 2017 ;Chao et al, 2019 ;Elzein et al, 2020 ;Fang et al, 2020, Hu et al, 2017Liu et al, 2019 ;Yan et al, 2017 ;Zhang et al, 2019 ;Zhu et al, 2019 ). However, some studies have recently outlined the role of multiple chemical components, such as polar organics, in inducing cytotoxicity, genotoxicicity or DNA damage ( Besis et al, 2017 ;Jia et al, 2017 ;Van Den Heuvel et al, 2018 ).…”