Implications of Oral Helicobacter pylori for the Outcome of its Gastric Eradication Therapy

Abstract

Background and Aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important pathogen in gastritis, peptic ulcer and possibly gastric cancer, but several questions remain unanswered. Particularly how the organism is transmitted and what is the relationship between oral presence of H. pylori and the gastric infection. Accordingly, we aimed to characterize the H. pylori in oral cavity and to evaluate its relationship to gastric H. pylori infection.

Live Helicobacter pylori in the root canal of endodontic-infected deciduous teeth

“…These candidate H. pylori were approximately 0.2 µm in 14 diameter and varied in length from 2-3 µm. Several monopolar flagella were also observed as 15 it is typical of H. pylori [10]. In addition and as expected, coccoid bacteria of an unknown 16 nature, which could also represent H. pylori, were observed ( Figure 1A, blue arrows).…”

“…However, a specific populated niche in the oral environment is unknown [4]. 10 The majority of the analyzed studies used specimens of dental plaque, saliva, or oral 11 We selected three consecutive paediatric patients who received dental treatment under general 5 anaesthesia because of severe early childhood caries. Table 1 summarizes data about the 6 patients' age and gender, as well as the tooth number for the extracted teeth.…”

“…GTT TGA TYM TGG C-3´ and 5´-TAC GGY TAC CTT GTT ACG A-3´ were used, and 7 amplicons were sequenced as described [10]. For field-emission scanning electron 8 microscopy (FESEM), tooth samples were fixed in a sterile solution containing 5% 9…”

“…Samples were subsequently covered with an 11 approximately 10 nm-thick gold film by sputter coating and examined in a field-emission 12 scanning electron microscope using an Everhart Thornley SE detector and in-lens detector in 13 a 50:50 ratio at an acceleration voltage of 5.0 kV as described [10]. 14 15 Protein profiling and Western blotting 16 17 For protein profiling, pure plate-grown bacterial samples were run on 12% SDS-PAGE gels 18 and analyzed by Coomassie blue staining or Western blotting [9].…”

“…These samples were divided in 16 three parts, one for conventional DNA isolation (DNA isolation kit, Qiagen, Hilden, 17 Germany), a second for electron microscopy (see below), and a third for direct culturing. For 18 culturing, the samples were incubated with 1 ml brain heart infusion medium by rigorous 19 shaking at 200 rpm for 30 min, followed by growth on GC agar plates with 10% horse serum 20 (containing 10 μg/ml vancomycin, 5 μg/ml trimetroprim, 10 μg/ml nystatin, and 10 μg/ml 21 colistin) for 7 days at 37°C using the Campygen gas-generating system (all from Oxoid/Fisher 22 Scientific, Dublin, Ireland) [9,10]. Single bacterial colonies were further analysed and typical 23 and urea (600 μg/ml) as described [11].…”