Implications of disparities in social and built environment antecedents to adult nature engagement

Abstract

Antecedent factors which influence adult engagement with nature are underexplored given the human health benefits strongly associated with nature exposure. Formative pathways and impediments to nature contact merit understanding as they may contribute to later-life health disparities. We probed experiential pathways and attitudes toward nature engagement among adults purposefully sampled across U.S. regions, age, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity through semi-structured focus group discussions. The research aims were to explore entryways and barriers to experiencing nature and learn how natured and built environments compete in influencing human-nature relationships. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s phases of thematic analysis. Qualitative content analysis of discussions identified three principal themes: 1) formative influences promoting adult nature engagement (i.e., persons/organizations and places of origin), 2) detractors from nature engagement (i.e., perceptual, material, and physical barriers), and 3) role of current setting (i.e., natural and built environments) shaping nature-seeking relationships. We found experiential factors that included early life exposures outdoors, personal mentorship, and organizational affiliation to be highly influential in socializing individuals to nature and in soldering attachment to nature which manifests into adulthood. In contrast, changing demographics and childhood, inequity, social dynamics, metropolitan growth, urban renewal explained alienation from nature. These findings emphasize the importance of efforts to expand opportunities for nature contact, especially for youth living in economically challenged urban areas, which go beyond increasing greenspace to encompass mentoring partnerships for gaining skills and comfort outdoors and redesign of safe natured spaces within cities for hands-on learning and discovery.

In situ psycho-cognitive assessments support self-determined urban green exercise time

“…Prior qualitative research conducted by this research team revealed that most nature users hold expectations that are conditioned by past outdoor experiences and personal nature affinity ( Tomasso et al, 2022 ). We learned affinity is not immutable but responds to repetitive dosing over time.…”

Toward a Theory of Nature Experience and Health

“…The impetus for this article was our observations in two qualitative studies we conducted (Tomasso, Cedeno, Chen, & Spengler, 2021 ; Tomasso, Cedeño Laurent, Chen, Catalano, & Spengler, 2021 ) that nature experience as described in the prevailing scientific literature is undertheorized in comparison with the vivid narratives we collected from participants in our focus groups. In relating their lived experience, nature users we studied described complex relationships with nature that had roots in formative experiences in childhood, often mediated by significant figures.…”