Implications of deletion and membrane ergosterol content for glycerol efflux from

Toh, T.H.; Kayingo, Gerald; Vandermerwe, M; Kilian, S. G.; Hallsworth, John E.; Hohmann, Stefan; Prior, Bernard A.

doi:10.1016/s1567-1356(01)00032-0

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Collectively, these data demonstrated an apparently potent promotion of growth at low temperature by a chaotropic solute, irrespective of fungal species. To establish if this phenomenon was particular to xerophilic ascomycetes, fructose-supplemented media, and/or temperatures over 0°C, we carried out a Spot-Test growth assay (17). The assay was used to determine the biotic window for the psychrophile M. frigida, a basidiomycete with a planktonic growth form, on media containing either the kosmotrope sucrose (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solutes determine the temperature windows for microbial survival and growth

Chin¹,

Megaw²,

Magill³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

185

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Microbial cells, and ultimately the Earth's biosphere, function within a narrow range of physicochemical conditions. For the majority of ecosystems, productivity is cold-limited, and it is microbes that represent the failure point. This study was carried out to determine if naturally occurring solutes can extend the temperature windows for activity of microorganisms. We found that substances known to disorder cellular macromolecules (chaotropes) did expand microbial growth windows, fungi preferentially accumulated chaotropic metabolites at low temperature, and chemical activities of solutes determined microbial survival at extremes of temperature as well as pressure. This information can enhance the precision of models used to predict if extraterrestrial and other hostile environments are able to support life; furthermore, chaotropes may be used to extend the growth windows for key microbes, such as saprotrophs, in cold ecosystems and manmade biomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solutes determine the temperature windows for microbial survival and growth

Chin¹,

Megaw²,

Magill³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently it was shown that the addition of ergosterol to yeast cells enhances glycerol efflux, especially in mutants lacking the export channel Fps1p or mu-tants that were unable to produce high levels of ergosterol due to mutation of the ERG1 gene. Ergosterol also increased survival after a hypo-osmotic shock, which requires glycerol export from yeast cells (602). Although these observations require further studies in in vitro systems of defined lipid composition, they hint at the possibility that the yeast cell can actively adjust the flow of glycerol, and perhaps also water, through the lipid bilayer.…”

Section: Metabolism and Transport Of Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The observation could hint at a regulatory role of Fps1p in sterol metabolism, but this could also be an indirect effect due to a response to higher internal glycerol levels and hence increased turgor. More work is required to better understand this phenomenon (602).…”

Section: Metabolism and Transport Of Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts

Hohmann

2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,519

1,440

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The ability to adapt to altered availability of free water is a fundamental property of living cells. The principles underlying osmoadaptation are well conserved. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model system with which to study the molecular biology and physiology of osmoadaptation. Upon a shift to high osmolarity, yeast cells rapidly stimulate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, which orchestrates part of the transcriptional response. The dynamic operation of the HOG pathway has been well studied, and similar osmosensing pathways exist in other eukaryotes. Protein kinase A, which seems to mediate a response to diverse stress conditions, is also involved in the transcriptional response program. Expression changes after a shift to high osmolarity aim at adjusting metabolism and the production of cellular protectants. Accumulation of the osmolyte glycerol, which is also controlled by altering transmembrane glycerol transport, is of central importance. Upon a shift from high to low osmolarity, yeast cells stimulate a different MAP kinase cascade, the cell integrity pathway. The transcriptional program upon hypo-osmotic shock seems to aim at adjusting cell surface properties. Rapid export of glycerol is an important event in adaptation to low osmolarity. Osmoadaptation, adjustment of cell surface properties, and the control of cell morphogenesis, growth, and proliferation are highly coordinated processes. The Skn7p response regulator may be involved in coordinating these events. An integrated understanding of osmoadaptation requires not only knowledge of the function of many uncharacterized genes but also further insight into the time line of events, their interdependence, their dynamics, and their spatial organization as well as the importance of subtle effects

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“…However, of six down regulated genes in DMaPKA1 involved in lipid metabolism, three are involved in ergosterol synthesis and one in regulating the pathway. Ergosterol influences the permeability of glycerol under hypoosmotic stress (Toh et al, 2001) and glycerol metabolism is important for turgor pressure in appressorium in M. grisea (Xu et al, 1996) and M. anisopliae (Wang and St. Leger, 2007b). Thus, dysfunctional ergosterol synthesis in DMaPKA1 may contribute to the reduced turgor pressure in appressoria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%